典型沙漠化地区农户对生态环境变化的感知与适应--以内蒙古自治区杭锦旗为例

Perception and adaption of ecological environment change for farmers in the typical desertification area:——A case of Hangjin Banner in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

沙漠化地区生态环境十分脆弱,理解农户对生态变化的感知与适应策略选择倾向对于制定科学的生态环境治理政策至关重要。采用参与式的农村评估法(PRA)对地处库布其沙漠腹地的杭锦旗不同区域农户的生态环境变化感知与适应进行了调查与对比分析。结果发现:与2000年相比,大部分农户认为当地的生态环境好转了。其中,牧区受访户对生态好转的认知度低于农区;为改善生态环境,农户在生态保护政策的引导下,采取了向二三产业转移劳动力、改变养殖模式、减少牲畜数量、抽取地下水、精耕细作等措施应对生态环境变化。除精耕细作外,牧区农户采用其他适应策略的比例均远高于农区;农户对生态环境变化的感知与适应具有区域差异性和空间层次性,农户对经济机会的响应影响着其对生态环境变化的感知与适应策略选择,并在此基础上提出了改善当地生态环境的政策建议。

The ecological environment is very fragile in the desertification area. It is very important to understand the farmers＂ perception and adaption of ecological environment change for making scientific ecological environment governance policy. In this study, we used the participatory rural appraisal to investigate and comparative analysis farmers＂ perception and adaptation of ecological environment change in Hangjin Banner which located in the hinterland of Kubuqi Desert. The results showed that compared with 2000, most farmers believe that the local ecological environment has been improved. Among them, the awareness of herdsmen for local ecological environ- ment was lower than farmers. In order to improve the ecological environment, guided by the ecological protection policies of government, farmers transferred to the second or the third industry, or changed culture mode, reduced the number of livestock, extracted groundwater, and took the intensive plamtation, etc. The herdsmen taking the other response strategy was also much more than the farmers except intensive cultivation. The farmers＇percepfion and adaptation to ecological environment has regional differences and spatial levels. The farmers＇response to economic opportunity has an influence on the perception and adaptation strategies of ecological environment change. Finally, we put forward the policy suggestions to improve the local ecological environment.