基质种类和含水量对辣木种子发芽率及幼苗生长的影响

Effects of substrate type and moisture content on seed germination and seedling growth of Moringa oleifera

采用赤红壤、赤红壤+泥炭土(1∶1,V/V)、泥炭土3种基质及50%、75%、100%田间持水量3种含水量的两因素完全随机区组设计,研究了不同基质种类和含水量处理对辣木种子发芽率及幼苗早期生长的影响。结果发现,在赤红壤中,随含水量升高辣木种子发芽率增加,但幼苗在实验期内全部死亡;在赤红壤+泥炭土基质和纯泥炭土中,随含水量升高辣木种子发芽率显著下降,且100%田间持水量严重抑制泥炭土中辣木幼苗生长;赤红壤+泥炭土在50%田间持水量时辣木种子发芽率最高、达65%,幼苗株高达33 cm,辣木幼苗小叶片数量达30片。方差分析结果显示,基质种类、基质含水量、基质种类-含水量交互作用均对辣木种子发芽率、幼苗株高和小叶数有显著影响。赤红壤+泥炭土在50%田间持水量时有利于辣木的种子萌发和幼苗早期生长。

A pot experiment with three moisture contents（50%,75%,100% of field capacity） and three regimes of substrate（latosolic red soil singly,latosolic red soil ＋ peat soil（1∶1,V/V）,and peat singly） was conducted,to study the effects of different substrate types and moisture contents on Moringa oleifera seed germination and seedling growth. Exposed in latosolic red soil,M. oleifera seed germination gradually rose along with the increase of moisture content,but seedlings all died in the course of experimental period. In latosolic red soil ＋ peat（1∶1 by volume） and peat,M. oleifera seed germination decreased significantly with moisture content increasing,and 100% field capacity seriously inhibited the M. oleifera seedling growth in the peat;the latosolic red soil ＋ peat（1∶1 by volume） in the 50% of field capacity was the highest for M. oleifera seed germination,up to 65%,growth of seedling height up to 33 centimeter and M. oleifera seedling leaflet numbers up to 30 pieces. Variance analysis results revealed that effects of substrate type,moisture content of substrate and the interaction of moisture content and substrate were significant for M. oleifera seed germination,seedling height and leaflet numbers. The latosolic red soil ＋ peat（1∶1,V/V） in the 50% of field capacity had the best effect on M. oleifera seed germination and seedling growth.