羽毛时尚与鸟类保护:美国进步主义时期的女性与奥杜邦运动

Feather Fashion and Bird Protection:Women in the American Progressive era and the Audubon Movement

19世纪80年代在美国兴起的鸟类保护运动即奥杜邦运动,是对羽毛时尚甚嚣尘上、鸟类被大量捕杀的回应,女性在这场运动中发挥了重要作用。这场运动分为两个阶段,第一阶段始于1880年代,由资源保护主义者乔治·伯德·格林内尔发起,以其建立的奥杜邦协会为标志,致力于鸟类保护的宣传和推广,唤起了女性抵制羽毛时尚、保护鸟类的热情,推动了美国进步主义时期以女性为主体的第二阶段的奥杜邦运动的兴起;第二阶段的规模和影响力更大,美国女性们在全国范围内成立了奥杜邦协会,形成了庞大的鸟类保护运动网络。她们通过鸟类研究、学校教育、公众教育、鸟类保护项目及游说立法者等方式实现了鸟类保护的社会化,并成功地推动了鸟类保护立法的建立。奥杜邦运动也使美国女性增强了自身的话语权和政治影响力,为她们更广泛的社会参与奠定了基础。

In the 1880s,the United States witnessed the rise of the bird protection movement---the Audubon movement,which is regarded as a response to feather fashion and mass hunting for birds.The movement was divided into two stages.The first stage,which has committed to the promotion of bird protection and aroused the enthusiasm of women to resist feather fashion and protect birds,began in the 1880s and was initiated by resource protectionist George Byrne,with the establishment of the Audubon Association.In the second stage was developed at a greater scale and was more influential for women in the United States have set up the Audubon Association,which has formed a national network of the bird protection movement.This has finally realized the socialization of bird protection through bird research,school education,public education,bird protection programs and lobbyists,and successfully promoted the establishment of bird protection legislation.The Audubon movement has also enhanced voice and political influence of American women,laying the groundwork for their wider social participation.