打碎与再造:鲍勃·迪伦和他那个时代

Destroy and Rebuild:Bob Dylan in the 1960s

60年代美国的青年文化,从大的方面来说是两场有所重叠但完全不同的运动:其一是被称为"新左派"的民权运动和言论自由运动,以及持续多年的反越战抗议运动;其二则是从冷战时期技术官僚统治的压抑中努力突围的"垮掉派"文学、禅宗佛教、行为绘画、大麻和LSD迷幻剂、公社主义、直至演变成一股计算机革命的潮流。前者可以说走的是政治行动的外向路线,后者走的则是寻求个性自由和解放的内向路线。鲍勃·迪伦60年代早期的民谣歌曲,成为了外向的青年抵抗运动的象征;而60年代中期向摇滚乐的转变,充分体现了当时美国青年文化追求个性自由和解放的本质。迪伦的歌曲创作,不仅影响了青年反文化运动,也深刻影响了另一条路径的计算机革命和互联网浪潮。

Generally speaking, the youth culture of the USA in 1960s features two partly overlapping but different activities, which are the New Leftism, and the Beat Movement. The members of the first group launched civil rights movement, speech freedom movement and anti-Vietnam War movement that lasted many years, while the latter managed to create a new path out of the chaos and the suppression in the Cold War by promoting the Buddhism, the Behaviorism Painting, the abuse of marijuana, the LSD and the Communalism. These thinking helped the outbreak of computer revolution. The New Leftism is more like political movement, but the Beat Movement underscores individual liberty and freedom. The folk songs Bob Dylan composed in the early 1960s conveyed what the New Leftists hoped to deliver, and his turn to the Rock music in the mid 1960s coincided the emphasis of individuality in America at that time. His songs not only exerted a deep impact on the Youth Anti-culture Movement but also shaped the development of computer revolution and the Internet.