从琉球唐手到空手道--体育文化流变的考察之三

From Ryukyu Tote to Karate——The Evolution of Physical Culture Ⅲ

日本空手道是由琉球唐手演变的,船越义珍被称为日本近代空手道之父,是他最早将唐手带到东京,而同时代的冲绳人宫城长顺、摩文仁贤和等人也为空手道发展做出了贡献。欧美竞技体育的传入,大学生积极参与,使唐手迅速竞技化,嘉纳治五郎的支持与讲道馆柔道的示范,为琉球唐手的当代演变提供了范例。以船越义珍的《空手道教范》作为标志,在1936年,空手道的组织形式、技术内容、竞赛雏形、名称等基本形成了。而发展为成熟的国际运动项目,则是在20世纪50年代之后。

Karate evolved from Ryukyu Tote. Japanese people named Gichin Funakoshi as the father of modern Karate. It is Gichin Funakoshi who first introduced Ryukyu Tote to Tokyo,while other contemporaries such as Chojun Miyagi, Kenwa Mabu- ni, etc. have also made contributions to the development of Karate. With the introduction of European and American competitive sports and active participations of university students,the Ryukyu Tote has rapidly become competitive. The supports of Jigoro Kano and the Kodokan’s demonstration have provided the example for the contemporary evolution of Ryukyu Tote. Marked by Gichin Funakoshi？s Karate Manual,Karate has basically established its organizational form, technical content, embryonic form and name by the year of 1936. Karate did not become a mature international sport until the 1950s.