北方冬小麦品种(系)节水抗旱性研究

Study on drought resistance and water-saving capacity of winter wheat varieties(strains) in northern China

本研究选取中国北方不同生态型冬小麦品种(系)进行产量、收获指数、WUE、抗旱指数、冠层温度等指标和一些农艺性状的测定与分析,以评价参试品种的节水抗旱性。随着灌水量的增加,参试品种的产量均有不同程度的增加,由于参试品种对水分的敏感度不同,产量增加幅度也不尽相同。充分灌溉、自然降水与干旱胁迫处理洛旱6号产量均最高,分别为6 316.20 kg·hm^(-2)、2 538.75 kg·hm^(-2)、1 119.75 kg·hm^(-2)。充分灌溉处理周麦24对水分最为敏感,产量较自然降水处理增加44.12%;自然降水处理开麦20对水分最敏感,产量较干旱胁迫处理增加201.47%。通过产量、抗旱指数与灌浆期的冠层温度的相关性研究,发现产量与灌浆期的冠层温度呈极显著的负相关,与灌浆中期的冠层温度相关系数最高为-0.908。抗旱指数与灌浆后期的冠层温度呈极显著的负相关,相关系数-0.453,与灌浆前期和灌浆中期的冠层温度呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.342、-0.366。

Through the measurement and analysis of yield, harvest index, water use efficiency, drought resistanceindex , canopy temperature and some agonomic traits of winter wheat varieties （strains） with ern China , their drought resistance and water-saving capacity was evaluated. With the increase of irrigation amount , the yield of tested varieties was wholly increased. Since the snsitivity of different varieties to water was varied , theincrease extend of yield was also different each other. Under the treatnents of full irrigation , natural precistress , the yield of Luohan 6 wa invariably the highest , being 6 316.20 kg·hm^-2 , 2 538.75 kg·hm^-2 and 1119.75 kg·hm^-2 , respectively. Under the treatent of full irrigation,Zhoumai 24 was most sensitive to water, whose yield was increased by 44.12% compared with that under natural precipitation; under the treatnent 22 was most sensitive to water , whose yield was increased by 201.47 % compared with that under drought stress. Through the correlation analysis among yield, drought resistance index ad canopy temperature at filling stage , it was found that there was a negative correlation at extremely significant level between yield and stage , and the highest correlation coefficient atmiddle filling stage was - 0.908. Droucorrelated with canopy temperature at late filling stage at extremely significant level , and the correlation coefficient was -0.453; it was negatively correlated with caopy temperature at early and middle filling stagthe correlation coefficient was - 0.342 ad -0.366, respectively.