陇东旱塬区小麦配方施肥效应研究

Effects of fertilization on yield and fertilization use efficiency of winter wheat in arid zone in Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu province

本研究目的在于探讨配方施肥与常规施肥对小麦生产肥料利用的影响,为合理使用化肥提供技术依据。采用田间随机区组试验,通过配方N 187.5 kg·hm^(-2),P 90.0 kg·hm^(-2),K 60.0 kg·hm^(-2)、N 187.59 kg·hm^(-2),P 90.0 kg·hm^(-2)、N 187.5 kg·hm^(-2),K 60.0 kg·hm^(-2)、P 90.0 kg·hm^(-2),K 60.0 kg·hm^(-2)和常规N 157.5kg·hm^(-2),P 88.5 kg·hm^(-2),K 88.5 kg·hm^(-2)、N 157.5 kg·hm^(-2),P 88.5 kg·hm^(-2)、N 157.5 kg·hm^(-2)、K 88.5 kg·hm^(-2)、P 88.5 kg·hm^(-2),K 88.5 kg·hm^(-2)施肥量的比较,研究氮、磷、钾肥料利用率及对产量的影响。结果表明:地膜覆盖栽培条件下,配方施肥比常规施肥小麦平均增产537.75 kg·hm^(-2),增产7.31%。肥料利用率提高12.51%(其中氮肥提高2.4%,磷肥提高2.17%,钾肥提高7.94%)。结论:在陇东旱塬瘠薄肥力区生产水平下,配方比例N∶P∶K为12.5∶6∶4,采用地膜覆盖栽培,测土配方施肥小麦的氮肥利用率为37.4%,磷肥利用率为24.1%,钾肥利用率为43.0%。常规施肥小麦的氮肥利用率为35.0%,磷肥利用率为21.9%,钾肥利用率为35.1%。配方施肥与常规施肥相比,具有显著的增产效果,能显著提高肥料利用率,应大力推广应用。

In order to provide technical basis for the rational use of chemical fertilizers,field randomized block experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of prescription fertilization and conventional fertilization on wheat production and fertilizer use efficiency through the formulation N 187. 5,P 90. 0,K 60. 0; N 187. 59,P 90. 0; N187. 5,K 60. 0; P 90. 0,K 60. 0 kg·hm^(-2)and conventional P 88. 5,K 88. 5,N 157. 5; P 88. 5,N 157. 5; N157. 5,K 88. 5; P 88. 5,K 88. 5 kg·hm^(-2). The results showed that under plastic film mulching cultivation conditions,compared with conventional fertilization,prescription fertilization increased yield by 537. 75 kg·hm^(-2)(7.31%) in average. Fertilizer use efficiency increased by 12. 51%(2. 4% nitrogen,2. 17% phosphate,7. 94%potash). With the poor fertility of the zone in Loess Plateau of eastern Gansu,plastic film mulching cultivation,the utilization rate of nitrogen,phosphate,potash in prescription fertilization was 37. 4%,24. 1%,43. 0% respectively. The utilization rate of nitrogen,phosphate,potash in conventional fertilization was 35. 0%,21. 9%,and 35.1% respectively. Therefore,prescription fertilization improved yield and fertilizer use efficiency effectively.