深层灌水对冬小麦耗水特性及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of deep irrigation on water consumption and water use efficiency of winter wheat

以高产中晚熟冬小麦品种良星99为材料,在运城市盐湖区山西水利职业技术学院实训基地进行田间试验,研究了深层灌水对冬小麦耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:整个生育期,深层灌水处理根区20~160 cm土层土壤水分动态变化比地表灌处理明显;T1(地表灌水)处理总耗水量最大,显著高于T2(湿润层深度为根系60%)、T3(湿润层深度为根系75%)和T4(湿润层深度为根系90%),深层灌水增加了降雨和灌溉水的消耗,降低了土壤贮水的消耗;T2和T3处理间无显著差异,T3在抽穗至灌浆期末、灌浆至成熟期的耗水量和耗水模系数均较大;不同湿润层深度条件下,T1处理水分利用效率和产量最低,随湿润层深度增加,其他处理水分利用效率呈先增加后降低的趋势。湿润层深度为150 mm和188 mm的T2和T3产量、水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率表现最好,T1处理最低。T3为本试验条件下高产节水的最佳处理。

A field experiment was conducted on,Liangxing 99,a mid-late maturing winter wheat with high yield in Shanxi Conservancy Technical College training base in Yanhu District,Yuncheng City of Shanxi,to explore the effects of deep irrigation on water consumption and water use efficiency of winter wheat. The results showed the soil water dynamic changes within 20 ~ 160 cm depth of root zone was more than that under the surface irrigation treatment in the whole growth period. The total water consumption under T1(surface irrigation treatment) was significantly higher than that under T2(depth of wetting layer is 60%),T3(depth of wetting layer is 75%) and T4(depth of wetting layer is 90%). Deep irrigation increased the consumption of rainfall and irrigation,and reduced the consumption of soil water storage. There was no significant difference between T2 and T3. The water consumption and water consumption coefficient of T3 in the stage from heading to filling and the stage from grain filling to maturity were larger. Under different irrigation conditions,the efficiency of water use and yield under T1 treatment was the lowest. With the increase of wetting layer depth,efficiency of water use under other treatments increased and then decreased. The production,efficiency of water use and efficiency of irrigation water use under T2 and T3 were the best at 150 mm and 188 mm depth of wetting layer. As far as high yield and water-saving were concerned.T3 was the optimal under the condition of this experiment.