临安市8种绿化植物滞尘能力及光合响应差异

Differences of dust retention capacity and plant photosynthesis of eight green plants in Lin'an

为研究临安市常见绿化植物的滞尘能力及光合响应差异,选择阔叶树和竹子共8种常见绿化植物为研究对象,通过野外观测和室内试验相结合,对其在秋季雨后5、10和15 d的叶片滞尘能力进行测定,并研究粉尘污染对植物净光合速率和气孔导度的影响,比较不同类型植物对粉尘污染的抗性优劣。结果表明:所选植物均有一定的滞尘能力,且叶片的滞尘能力在相同污染环境下,表现为广玉兰>木荷>毛竹>雷竹>香樟>珊瑚树>苦槠>黄山栾树;珊瑚树和毛竹叶片受粉尘污染后,其净光合速率和气孔导度在相同条件下较其他植物损失小,即抗粉尘污染能力较强;而香樟、雷竹的损失率较大,即抗粉尘污染能力较弱。在选择植物作为行道树时,考虑植物叶片滞尘能力的同时,更要参考其抗粉尘能力,综合评价选择绿化植物。

Eight kinds of common green plants in Lin^an City, including broad-leaved trees and bamboo, were selected to measure the dust retention capacity raining after 5,10,15 d in autumn through a combination of natural observation and laboratory test, and the influence of dust on the change of plant net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were also studied to compare the resistances against dust pollution of different types of plants. The results showed that the selected plants had a certain dust-retention capacities and the rank of dust detention capacties was Magnolia grandiflora L. 〉 Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. 〉 Phyllostachys edulis （Carr.） H. deLeh. 〉 Phyllostachys violascens （Carr.） A. Rivet C. Riv. 〉 Cinnamomum camphora （ L . ） Presl 〉 Viburnum odoratissimum Ker-Gawl. 〉 Castanopsis sclerophylla （ Lindl.） Schott. 〉 Koelreuteria bipinnata Franch. var. integrifolia （ Merr.） T. Chen in the same environment. In the process of dust retention, net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance loss of V. odoratissimum and Phyllostachys edulis were relative smaller which indicated they have stronger resistance to the dust pollution while Cinnamomum camphora and Phyllostachys violascens loss rate were relative larger suggestting the anti-dust pollution capacity was weak. The paper conclude that choosing greening tree seeds should not only considerr leaf dust retention ability, but also the tree performance to dust retention so that to comprehensively select and evaluate the green plants.