海南尖峰岭大果紫檀心材比例及精油成分组成

Heartwood proportion and essential oil composition of Pterocarpus macrocarpus in Jianfeng Mountain,Hainan Island

大果紫檀最早于20世纪60年代引种至我国,是南方地区近年来推广种植的重要珍贵用材树种之一,其心材在医药、家具制作等行业具有重要应用,目前生长良好,然而心材形成方面的信息则鲜见报道。本文采用标准木的调查方法,分析了海南尖峰岭47年生大果紫檀心材形成情况、心材比例、心材精油含量及成分组成。研究结果表明,所有标准木均已自然形成了心材,30 cm高度处心材比例范围为58.77%~69.14%,精油含量范围为1.51%~1.85%;从心材精油中共分离出42种成分,鉴定30种。醇类是心材精油成分中含量最高的类别,约占总含量的92.78%,其次是烷烃类,约占总含量的0.70%。心材精油中含量最高的成分是β-桉叶醇,其相对含量为55.68%,其次是α-桉叶醇,相对含量为11.14%,再次是金合欢醇和反式橙花叔醇,相应的相对含量依次为9.64%和7.46%。大果紫檀能在我国自然形成心材,并且心材精油含有多种珍贵药用成分,该研究结果为大果紫檀心材资源的综合利用提供了科学依据。

Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz. is one of the most valuable tree species under large-scale promotion in recent years in southern China. It was very famous for its fragrant heartwood that had widely applications in medicine and furniture production, P. macrocarpus was firstly introduced into China since 1960s, and encouraging performances were achieved in early stage under different localities. How-ever,more inlor^nation was required on heartwood for^nation because the value of P. macrocarpus at har^^est will depend largely on the volume and property of heartwood. In this paper, heartwood presence, heartwood proportion, essential oil content and chemical composition of heartwood of a 47-year-old P. macrocarpus plantation in Jianfeng mountain, Hainan Island, were investigated through a standard wood survey method. The results showed that all sampled trees had formed heartwood naturally, and the heartwood proportion ranged from 58.77% to 69.41% at 30 cm height above ground,oil content ranged from 1.51% to 1.85%. After GC-MS analysis,42 ingredients were isolated from heartwood of P. macrocarpus,of which 30 compounds were identified. Alcohols and alkanes were two most dominate categories in the essential oil, which accounted for 92. 78% and 0. 70% of the total essential oil, respectively. The most prominent compounds was jS-eudesmol,which accounting for 55.68%,and followed by a-eudesmol,farnesol and tranks-neroidol,which dominating for 11.14%,9.64% and 7.46% of the total essential oil,respectively. These results showed that P. macrocarpus can for^m heartwood naturally in southern China,and there exists a lot of valuable medical ingredients in heartwood essential oil, which will provide useful suggestions for further utilization of the heartwood resources of P. macrocarpus.