禘祭中的“孝行”与瞽矇“表演唱”——《周颂·雝》主祭者角色分析及仪式还原

The Filial Piety in the Rite of Di and the Performance of Gu Meng:Analysis of the Role of the Master and Ritual Restoration in Yong of Zhou Song

主祭者是以人神沟通为目的之祭祀仪式的核心角色。将此角色视角引入《周颂·雝》原意解读中,对其角色行为进行多重证据的主题分析,可发现《雝》本是西周时代周王稀祭先考并以先妣配食的仪式乐歌。通过仪式现场瞽矇乐官"叙事"与"代言"之"表演唱",此诗成为稀祭中主祭者与祖先神的交流方式。在音乐形式上,因多韵节奏快的特点,此诗逐渐被移用到其他仪式场合,又有了新的搬演程式。

The master plays a chief role in the sacrificial rite for the purpose of god-man communication. Through subject analysis on the role behavior of the master based on multiple evidence, we find that, in the West Zhou Dynasty, Yong in Zhou Song originally functioned as a song in the rite of Di in which the king offered sacrifice to his deceased father while entitling his deceased mother to enjoy the sacrifice. Through the performance of Gu Meng, the officials in charge of music, who sang the song in the forms of narration and role-play, the song of Yong served as a way of communication between the ancestor god and the master. Due to the plentiful rhymes and fast tempo in terms of its music style, this song was performed in other rites and hence had new performing patterns later.