特警队员接触性皮炎的过敏原调查

Allergens of contact dermatitis in Special Weapons and Tactics( SWAT) team members

目的初步了解武警部队特警队员接触性皮炎的发病情况,明确引起接触性皮炎常见的过敏原种类,为接触性皮炎的防治提供依据。方法采用润敏江斑贴试验器,对111名健康特警队员进行斑贴试验,并对试验结果进行统计分析。结果 111位受试健康特警队员当中,58例贴斑试验呈阳性反应,阳性率为52.25%。居前6位的常见过敏原依次为卡松、卡巴混合物、硫柳汞、甲醛、芳香混合物和对苯类。1种过敏原阳性反应的有26例,阳性率45%,2种过敏原阳性反应的有20例,阳性率35%,有3种及3种以上过敏原阳性反应的共12例,阳性率21%。在58例阳性患者中,男30例,阳性率为42.25%(30/71);女28例,阳性率为70%(28/40)。女性斑贴试验阳性检出率(70%)明显高于男性(42.25%)。女性对卡松(32.50%,11.27%)、氯化钴(7.50%,0.00%)、硫酸镍(5.00%,0.00%)、松香(12.50%,0.00%)、硫柳汞(25%,7.04%)的阳性检出率明显高于男性。结论特警队员接触性皮炎的过敏原种类与性别有关,斑贴试验有助于明确过敏原。

Objective To identify the common allergens of contact dermatitis in Special Weapons And Tactics （SWAT） team members in order to contribute to the prophylaxis and treatment of contact dermatitis. Methods The skin patch test was performed on 111 healthy SWAT team members and the result was analyzed statistically. Results Fifty-eight of these subjects responded to the skin patch test, and the rate of positivity was 52.25% of. The top six common allergens were isothiazolinones, cabar mixture, thiomersat, formaldehyde,aromtic mixture and para-phenylenediamine. There were twenty-six subjects who responded positively to one allergen in the skin patch test, accounting for 45% of the positive responders. Twenty skin patch responders showed positive reactions to two aller- gens, accounting for 35%. The remaining twelve subjects responded positively to three allergens, accounting for 21% of the positive responders. Data analysis revealed that thirty of the fifty-eight positive responders were males, accounting for 42.25% of the male sub- jects. There were also 28 female positive responders, accounting for 70% of the female subjects. The positive rate was 70% in females, significantly higher than in males （42.25%）. Females were better responders to isothiazolinones （ 32.5%, 11.27% ）, cobalt chloride （ 7. 50%, 0. 00% ）, （ 5. 00%, 0. 00% ）, colophonium （ 12. 5%, 0. 00% ）, （ 25%, 7. 04% ） thiomersal than males. Conclusions Healthy SWAT team members are vulnerable to contact dermatitis. The categories of causative allergens are related to the sex of the subjects. Skin patch tests can help identify the allergens for contact dermatitis.