沙漠-绿洲过渡带农户福祉认知和综合评价--以沙坡头为例

Cognition and integrated assessment of farmers well-being in desert-oasis ecotone: Case of Shapotou

人类福祉指人类生活的一种良好且幸福的状态。沙漠-绿洲过渡带的农户赖以生存的自然环境脆弱,其福祉水平及影响因素的研究关注较少。本研究以腾格里沙漠东南缘沙坡头地区的农户为例,建立符合地域特点的人类福祉概念框架和农户福祉的综合评价体系,通过参与式农村评估获取数据,利用熵权法确定各指标权重,进而分析农户的福祉认知情况并定量评价农户的福祉水平。结果表明:农户对健康、空气质量和耕地资源的认知最充分,对福祉的认知由低阶向中阶发展,但对更高阶的社交和精神需求的关注仍较少;2015年沙坡头沙漠边缘农户福祉综合分数为6.35,农户福祉的空间差异存在着明显的区域特征;其空间差异的主要影响因素为生计方式、区位条件和住户类型。

Well - being is a kind of state of being happy or prosperous. The living state of farmers who live in desert - oasis ecotone is fragile, the state and the influencing factors of farmers＇ well - being should be paid attention. Taking farmers living in Shapotou at Tengger desert margin as a case, a concept framework and integrat- ed assessment system of farmers＇ well - being were structured. Data was collected from meteorological records and participatory rural appraisal （PRA） surveys, entropy method was used to determine the weight of each in- dex, and the farmers＇ cognition of well - being and quantitatively evaluated farmers＇ well - being level were an- alyzed . The result showed that the peasants had higher cognition about health, air quality and land resource, the well - being cognition level had developed from low level to middle level. And yet, people paid little attention on higher levels such as social and spiritual needs. On the whole, farmers＇ well - being score in desert margin in Shapotou was 6.35, and existed distinct spatial differences, which mainly was affected by farmers＇ livelihood strategies, household type and geographic conditions they lived in.