基于GIS的半干旱农牧交错区农村居民点分布特征研究——以内蒙古伊金霍洛旗为例

Spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements in semi-arid agro-pastoral transition area based on GIS——A case study in Yijinhuoluo County,Inner Mongolia

基于土地利用现状和地形数据,采用GIS空间分析方法,选用Voronoi图的变异系数(Cv)、最大斑块指数(LPI),斑块密度(PD),面缘比(AP)等指数系统地研究了半干旱农牧交错区-内蒙古自治区伊金霍洛旗农村居民点的空间分布特征。结果表明:半干旱农牧交错区的居民点数量、平均规模与变异系数等的空间分布表现为较强的自然地理因子相关性,具体讲居民点数量、平均规模等与地貌区域、海拔、坡度、坡向等密切相关;在平均海拔地区、低坡度地区、南面坡地区的居民点分布具有密度大、平均规模大、集聚程度高的特点;最大斑块指数的大小与居民点的立地环境有一定的关系,立地条件差的地区的最大斑块指数较小,反之亦然;斑块的复杂性与自然条件也有一定的关系,自然条件较好的低坡度、低海拔、南坡、黄土丘陵等地区的面缘比较小,其它地区则较大;居民点的分布整体表现为集中分布,集聚性的强度具有随自然环境条件的下降而增强的特点。

Based on land use data, terrain data, GIS spatial analysis method, the coefficient of （Cv ） , the lar- gest patch index （LPI）, patch density （PD）, the spatial distribution characteristics of rural settlements in Yijin-huoluo County, Inner Mongolia was studied. The results showed that： The number, average size and coefficient of variation of rural settlements in Yijinhuoluo County are related to the landform, elevation, slope, etc. The ru- ral settlements which locate in the low altitude, their average slope and south slope area have the characteristics of high density, large average scale, high degree of concentration. There is a certain relationship between the largest patch index and the location of the rural residential points. The largest patch index of rural residential points in superior location condition area is bigger than other area. The complexity of rural residential patches is related with the natural conditions and the AP index of rural residential points in good natural conditions of low gradient, low altitude, south slope, loess hilly area is relatively small, while the other area is lager. The overall pattern of distribution of settlements is centralized distribution, and the intensity of agglomeration has something to do with the conditions of the environment.