晚清蚕桑局的兴衰与变迁

A historical change of the sericulture in late Qing dynasty

鸦片战争后,劝课蚕桑机构丹徒蚕桑局出现。太平天国后,江苏长江南北两岸多地官员为战后修复而创设蚕桑局。光绪初期蚕桑局扩散到全国很多省府州县,个别省级蚕桑局规模庞大、运营规范。甲午战争之后,蚕政兴起,府州县蚕桑局沿用传统劝课形式,省级蚕桑局在组织经营、官绅参与、西方技术等领域呈现新特点。新政以来,蚕桑局的名称、技术、群体、经营、教育等领域普遍出现近代化转型。梳理晚清各地相继创设七十多所蚕桑局的兴衰变迁,以阐释传统劝课蚕桑形式向近代技术推广模式转变的历史进程。

After the opium war, sericulture begins to rise in Dantu and regions along the Yangtze river in Jiangsu for economic rehabilitation. Likewise, the sericulture spreads rapidly nationwide in large scales and an industry is formed with the support of different levels of governments after 1894. New techniques, management and promotions enable to industry the turn on a new look of modernization.