近代献县天主教传行考论(1856-1900年)

On the Catholic missions in Xian county during 1856-1900

17世纪初,天主教由耶稣会传入献县。耶稣会于1773年被教皇解散后,遣使会取而代之,管理包括献县在内的北京教区。1814年,罗马教廷下令恢复耶稣会,并于1856年成立直隶东南代牧区,规定由耶稣会管辖,以献县张家庄为主教座堂所在地,下辖33个县的教务。天主教在献县通过广并土地获得传教经费,并采用包揽词讼、给予教民经济实惠、提供医疗和教育服务等方式吸引民众入教。无论是教徒人数还是外籍传教士人数,献县均居教区各县之首,从而有了"华北第一堂"的称号。然而,外来教会与本土文化及权力格局的冲突,使得民教之间屡生龃龉。随着国人对西方认识的深入,仇教意识渐消,民教矛盾亦渐冰释,天主教在献县的活动渐趋平稳。

At the beginning of the 17th century the catholic comes to Xian county through the society of Jesus. After the society is abolished in 1773, the Congregation de Mission takes charge of the missions in the Beijing region that includes Xian county. In 1814, the Pope of Rorna orders the society of Jesus to restore and set up Zhili region under the supervision of the society in 1856. In Xian county, Zhangjiazhuang is the seat of principal church, taking charge of 33 counties. This paper reviews how Xian county spreads its influence upon the local residents in relation to missionary activities.