中国白瓷和青花瓷的起源研究

Porcelain and blue-and-white porcelain

在河南巩义白河窑址发现了迄今考古发掘时代最早的白瓷,同时在白河窑和黄冶窑晚唐地层中也发现了若干青花瓷残片,这是目前唯一在窑址发现的唐青花标本,具有十分重要的考古学意义。通过对白河窑北魏青瓷、北魏白瓷和唐代白瓷进行化学组成、烧成温度、显微结构、白度等一系列测试分析,并运用统计分析的手段对数据归纳处理,首次阐明了白瓷在河南巩义起源与发展的演变规律。另外,通过对白河窑和黄冶窑两个窑址出土的唐青花、唐代白瓷、唐三彩以及白釉蓝彩标本的综合测试分析,从科技角度揭示了唐代青花瓷产生所经历的"唐三彩—白釉蓝彩—唐青花"发展过程中的物质基础和技术演变规律,为探讨青花瓷的起源问题提供了科学依据。

The earliest white porcelain of archaeological excavation was found in Baihe kiln site in Gongyi county of Henan province. Meanwhile, several blue-and-white porcelain shards were discovered from the late Tang stratum of Baihe and Huangye kiln sites, which was the first time of finding Tang blue-and-white porcelain at kiln site. In this work, the chemical composition, firing temperature, microstructure, ceramic properties and chromaticity of the celadon and white porcelain shards of Northern Wei and Tang dynasties from Baihe kiln site were determined by systematical technical methods, and the experimental data were analyzed by the statistical analysis method. The results clarified the origin and evolution of Chinese white porcelain for the first time. In addition, the samples consist of excavated shards of blue-and-white porcelain, white porcelain, Tang tricolor pottery, and blue-on-white pottery from the Tang strata of the Baihe and the Huangye kiln sites were compositely analyzed to reveal the evolution law of the origin of Tang blue-and-white porcelain in three processes： Tang tricolor pottery, blue-on-white pottery, blue-and-white porcelain. These studies are also very important to supplement the ancient ceramic history of science and technology in china.