基于创新扩散理论的大学生创新性实验项目

The Study of the Undergraduate Innovative Experiment Projects Based on the Theory of Diffusion of Innovations

以创新扩散理论为基础,初步构建了大创项目扩散的影响因子模型,并围绕大创项目本身特质、扩散渠道、个人创新性以及社会系统等内容,从宏观层次上考察了大创项目的扩散模式及其影响因素;又从微观层次上考量了大创项目在大学生与用人单位中的采纳行为。结果表明,大创项目的扩散符合创新扩散的S形曲线特征,大创项目推广的最佳途径是将人际传播和大众传播相结合。但大创项目又表现出其独有的特点:对大学生"参加大创项目时间"和"参与大创项目的时长"的主要影响因子是大创项目的可观察性、可试验性和易用性;对"大创项目采纳现有行为"和"大创项目采纳后续行为"的主要影响因子是大创项目的相对优越性和可试验性。对用人单位"是否优先选择参加过大创项目的毕业生"的重要影响因子是大创项目的易用性和可试验性。

The undergraduates innovative experiment project（ UIEP） was born in 2007 in China. And it is a creative cultivating form of the innovative diathesis and abilities of students. Based on the diffusion of innovation theory and the situation of diffusion of UIEP in China, the manuscript constructed the model of the influence factors of UIEP preliminarily. Around UIEP itself,the channels of UIEP＇s diffusion in China,UIEP adopter＇s individual innovation as well as the social environment of UIEP and so on,from the macroscopic level,the diffusion patterns and influence factors of UIEP were investigated; from the micro level,the undergraduates and employer＇s adoption behaviors of UIEP were also explored. The results indicated that the diffusion of UIEP in China corresponds with the S-curve of innovation diffusion theory. The best way of promoting innovation is to unify the interpersonal dissemination with the mass media dissemination. UIEP also followed this rule in our country. However, it demonstrates its unique characteristics simultaneously： for the undergraduates,the key impacting indicators to the adopter＇s behavior of ＂ joining time＂ and ＂time duration＂ are the possible observability,the triability and the usability; the key impacting factors to the adopter＇s existing behaviors and the following behaviors are the relative superiority and the triability. For the employers,the key impacting factors to the adopter＇s behavior of ＂ whether to choose preferentially the graduates that had joined UIEP＂ are the usability and the triability. Based on the above results,the model of UIEP diffusion impact factors was corrected further. This manuscript applies innovation diffusion theory to UIEP＇s dissemination study. It expands the applicativescope and domain of the innovation diffusion theory,and adds a new perspective for UIEP research. The manuscript proves a great significance in theory and practice.