黄山黟县双套自动观测站数据的质量评估

Data quality evaluation of the double-set automatic weather station in Yixian,Huangshan

利用2011年2月安徽省黄山市黟县试点双套自动观测气象站(A站和B站)和黟县本站(Z站,自动站)的气象要素(气温、气压、风速、相对湿度、地温等)观测资料,进行了对比分析,并对自动气象站仪器换型后数据的连续性进行了全面的评估。评估的内容为:数据的完整性和差异性,其中,差异性通过均值、标准差、误差率、粗差率和一致率得到体现。评估的结果表明:1)双套自动站观测数据的可靠性较好,大多数要素接收率高达100%,B站湿度接收率较低,只有83.3%,是由于B站的相对湿度传感器故障造成的;2)双套站观测的多要素有较好的一致性,但AB、AZ的地温差值和AB的气压差值一致率较低,部分要素差值存在少量的奇异值;3)T-检验表明,双套自动站的观测数据与历史序列无显著差异,连续性很好;4)双套自动站可用于气象业务观测,但还要进行一定时间的并行运行,以便日后更好地对数据进行对比分析和订正。

In this study, weather variables （ air temperature, pressure, wind speed, relative humidity, ground temperature etc.） collected from an experimental double-set automatic weather station （noted as stations A and B） and the home station （noted as station Z） were comparatively analyzed at Yixian, Huangshan, Anhui Province in February,2011.The data continuity before and after the new double-set automatic weather station was extensively evaluated.The assessment factors were data integrity and difference.The data difference was evaluated by the average, standard deviation, error rate, the gross error rate and concordance rate. The comparative analysis shows the fol- lowing ： （ 1 ） The double-set automatic weather station data are of high reliability, the receiving rate of most of the variables reaches up to 100% ,but the receiving rate of relative humidity at station B is as low as 83.3% ,due to the failure of the relative humidity module of said station. （2） The observation data from the double sets have high concordance rates for many variables, but the concordance rates are relatively low for the ground temperature differences of station-pairs AB and AZ, and for the pressure difference of station-pair AB.Some additional differ- ences also existed. （3） The T-test results show that the data from double-set automatic weather station have no sig- nificant difference compared to the historical data series, and the continuity is very good. （4） The double-set of the automatic weather station is demonstrated to fit for weather observation operation, but parallel work with the home station should be performed for a certain time,in order to obtain more reference data for future analysis and calibration.