安徽繁昌柯家冲窑青白瓷釉化学组成及其制釉工艺来源研究

Chemical Compositions and Sources of Glaze-Making Technology of Bluish-White Glaze Fired at Fanchang Kiln,Anhui Province

为了解繁昌柯家冲窑青白瓷釉化学组成特征及其演变过程,并探索我国南方早期青白釉的工艺技术来源,本文运用能量色散X射线荧光光谱法(EDXRF)分析了柯家冲窑五代至北宋中期不同阶段青白瓷釉的化学组成,并将分析结果与同时期北方定窑白瓷釉及南方越窑青瓷釉化学组成进行了综合对比研究。结果显示,繁昌柯家冲窑青白釉化学组成在北宋中期时发生了明显变化,其中尤以SiO_2含量的下降和CaO含量的上升最为明显,着色元素Fe,Mn,Ti的氧化物含量自五代时期至北宋中期变化幅度很小,繁昌柯家冲窑青白釉釉色由偏白向偏青转变的原因可能与该窑瓷器胎色的不断加深有关。此外,主成分分析及具有相似功能特性的元素组合对比分析结果显示,繁昌柯家冲窑青白瓷釉的化学组成与北方定窑白瓷釉较为接近,其釉料配方工艺可能来源于同时期我国北方地区以定窑为代表的白瓷窑场。本文研究结果对了解我国早期青白瓷釉的化学组成特征及晚唐五代时期南、北方制瓷工艺技术交流问题等有重要学术价值。

Fanchang kiln was one of the earliest Chinese bluish-white porcelain kilns which fired this special porcelain class as early as in Five Dynasties（AD 907-960）.This paper aims to explore the characteristics and evolution of chemical compositions of bluish-white porcelain glaze in Fanchang kiln as well as the technology sources of early bluish-white glaze in Southern China.To determine the chemical compositions of bluish-white glaze from Five Dynasties to the middle Northern Song Dynasty at Fanchan kiln,Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry（EDXRF）was used and the results were analyzed synthetically with the chemical compositions of white porcelain glaze of Ding kiln in northern China;and blue porcelain glaze of Yue kiln in southern China.The analytic results indicate that the chemical compositions of major,minor and trace elements in porcelain glazes changed greatly in the middle North Song Dynasty with the fall of SiO2 and the rise of CaO,but the oxide contents of coloring elements like Fe,Mn,Ti change slightly during this period.Color shift from whitish to green of bluish-white glaze might be related to the change of body＇ s color at Fanchang kiln.Meanwhile,the chemical composition of early bluish-white glaze represented by Fanchang kiln in south China is similar to Ding kiln in northern China.Its glazed formulation process may be derived from the white kiln represented by Ding kiln in northern China at the same period,and it has little relationship with the Yue kiln in southern China.The research results are of great significance to understand the chemical compositions＇ characteristics of early bluish-white glaze in China as well as the exchange of porcelain making technology between the north and south China during the Late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties.