卫生杀虫气雾剂对施药者及居住者的最大使用量和安全性分析

Analysis on maximum usage and safety of public health insecticidal aerosol to sprayers and residents

目的通过计算卫生杀虫气雾剂的最大使用量及风险评估,引导公众科学安全地使用卫生杀虫气雾剂。方法利用美国环保署卫生杀虫气雾剂安全风险评估模型,在只考虑吸入风险的前提下,用公式反推计算市售10种卫生杀虫气雾剂的室内最大使用量,同时对施药者和居住者进行风险评估。结果针对施药者,市售1~10号卫生杀虫气雾剂的最大使用量分别为285.94、268.80、52.36、193.75、566.14、937.60、147.69、230.40、222.66和814.86 g/d;针对居住者(成人),市售1~10号卫生杀虫气雾剂的最大使用量分别为83.40、78.40、15.27、56.51、165.12、273.47、43.08、67.20、64.94和237.67 g/d,针对居住者(儿童),市售1~10号卫生杀虫气雾剂的最大使用量分别为20.10、18.90、3.68、13.62、39.81、65.93、10.38、16.20、15.66和57.29 g/d。结论日常生活中建议在最大使用量以下科学使用卫生杀虫气雾剂,当用量增加时,通过延长开窗通风时间和防护措施来降低卫生杀虫气雾剂使用的安全风险,同时在消费习惯上,选购总有效成分含量低的产品以降低卫生杀虫气雾剂的安全风险隐患。

Objective Provision of advices to safe use of aerosol insecticide products for residents.Method sThe risk forthe residents under the extreme usage of aerosol insecticide products was assessed through the space spraying model fromUS-EPA to compute the extreme usage of the ten most popular prodicts in the market.Results For the sprayers（adult）,ten kinds of extreme use of pesticides were 285.94, 268.80, 52.36, 193.75, 566.14, 937.60, 147.69, 230.40, 222.66 and814.86 g/d. For the adult residents, ten kinds of extreme use of pesticides were 83.40, 78.40, 15.27, 56.51, 165.12, 273.47,43.08, 67.20, 64.94 and 237.67 g/d. For the juvenile residents, ten kinds of extreme use of pesticides were 20.10, 18.90,3.68, 13.62, 39.81, 65.93, 10.38, 16.20, 15.66 and 57.29 g/d.Conclusion Safe use of aerosol insecticide products notonly can prevent resistance development, but also can minimize risk of professional and environmental exposure.