异属砧木嫁接对茄子和番茄生长、产量及品质的影响

Effect of Rootstock Genus on Growth, Yield and Quality of the Grafting Tomato and Eggplant

嫁接是克服茄果类蔬菜连作障碍的重要手段,砧木是影响嫁接蔬菜生长、产量和品质的关键因素之一。试验分别采用番茄属(Lycopersicon Mill.)和茄属(Solanum L.)砧木对番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)及茄子(Solanum melongena L.)进行了嫁接,研究嫁接后对番茄和茄子生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,异属砧木和接穗嫁接亲和力相对较低。番茄属砧木嫁接番茄对其生长无影响,但能显著增加茄子的株高、茎粗和叶片数;茄属砧木显著降低了番茄的生长势,减少了叶片数,显著增加了茄子的株高和叶片数。番茄属砧木嫁接番茄后可显著降低番茄的糖酸比,降低茄子的可溶性糖含量;茄属砧木显著降低了番茄的可溶性糖含量,增加了可滴定酸含量,降低了糖酸比,增加了茄子维生素C和粗纤维含量。番茄属砧木显著提高了番茄和茄子的产量,茄属砧木显著降低了番茄的产量,显著增加了茄子的产量。因此,在生产上建议,茄果蔬菜嫁接采用同属植株为砧木比较合适。

Grafting is one of the most important methods to control continuous cropping obstacles of the solanaceous veg- etable, the rootstock is the key factor affecting the growth, yield and quality of the grafting vegetable. Using the Lycopersicon Mill. genus rootstock and the Solanum L. genus rootstock to graft tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.） and eggplant （Solanum melongena L.）; the effects of different genus rootstock on the growth, quality and yield of tomato and eggplant were studied. The results showed that, the same genus rootstock and scion had higher grafting survival rate. The Lycopersicon genus rootstock did not affect the tomato growth, but cloud significantly decreased the growth, stein diameter and leaf number of eggplant, the Solarium genus rootstock significantly decreased the plant growth, reduced the leaf number of tomato, and de- creased the plant growth and the leaf number of tomato. The Lycopersicon genus rootstock decreased the sugar/acid ratio of tomato, decreased the soluble total sugar of eggplant obviously; the Solanum genus rootstock also decreased the sugar/acid ratio of tomato; but it improved the VC and crude fiber content of eggplant. The Lycopersicon genus rootstock significantly improve the total yield of tomato and eggplant, the Solanum genus rootstock improve the total yield of eggplant but reduced tomato yield. Therefore, the rootstock should be the same genus with the scion in grafting production of the solanaceae vegetable.