东亚视角下的植物知识环流——以宇田川榕庵《百纲谱》为例

The Circulation of Botanical Knowledge from an East Asian Perspective:the Case of Udagawa Yoan's Hyakko Fu

江户晚期兰学家、博物学家宇田川榕庵费十余年之功完成了介绍西欧植物自然分类系统的《百纲谱》系列手稿,在《百纲略谱》中完整翻译了施普伦格尔系统中的植物科名。榕庵的植物科名翻译调用了本草学、兰学、西博尔德和伊藤圭介合编的《日本植物目录》手稿、马礼逊《字典》等不同语言、思想传统的知识资源。马礼逊《字典》中的植物学术语和知识主要来自英国在华博物学家约翰·里夫斯。对于西学传播的考察,不应局限在一国之内,而应考虑东亚跨国交流网络的影响。

As a late Edo period naturalist and scholar of Western studies, Udagawa Yoan took more than ten years to complete the Hyakko Fu manuscripts, which are the first introduction to the Western system of plant classification in East Asia. The system translated was that of the Sprengel system, invented by German botanist Kurt Sprengel （1766-1833）. During the translation of plant family names, heterogeneous knowledge resources of different languages and intellectual traditions were used, including Chinese herbalism, Western studies, Plantarum Japonicarum Nomina Indigcna compiled by P. yon Siebold and Ito Keisuke, and Morrison＇s Chinese dictionary. The plants that appeared in Morrison＇s dictionary were collected by British naturalist John Reeves. The paper demonstrates that the regional transnational exchange network is an important factor when investigating the impact of Western science in East Asia.