北上广“十二五”PM2.5污染变化态势

Trends of PM_(2.5) Pollution in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou during the 12th Five-year-plan Period

在空气污染日益受大众关注的"十二五"时期,国家也出台了系列政策以控制PM_(2.5)污染。使用北上广的美国大使馆PM_(2.5)浓度数据定量研究"十二五"期间空气污染的变化后发现,北上广PM_(2.5)污染总体上呈现改善态势。相对于2012年,2015年北京与广州的PM_(2.5)浓度分别下降8%与33%,而上海PM_(2.5)浓度无升降;北上广以PM_(2.5)浓度表征的空气质量优良率分别上升了11、3和18个百分点。总体而言,华南地区空气质量改善明显,华北地区空气质量有所改善,但仍是中国污染最严重的地区之一,而且北京严重污染的概率多年来一直在5%左右,并没有得到改善,应加强对华北极端不利气象条件下的污染控制,而华东地区空气质量的改善最不显著,华东有必要向华南学习,加快产业调整,加强减排措施。

Air pollution gained growing public concern during the 12th five-year-plan period. The government introduced series of policies to control the PMzspollution. Using the data of PM2.5 concentrations in U.S. embassies in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, the change of air pollution during the ＂twelfth five-year＂ period was quantified. It was found that PM2.5 pollution was improved on the overall situation. Compared to 2012, PM2.5 concentration of 2015 in Beijing and Guangzhou was reduced by 8% and 33% respectively, while Shanghai PM2.5 concentrations remaining unchanged. The satisfactory rates represented by PM2.5 concentration in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou increased 11, 3, and 18 percentage point. Overall, the air quality in Southern China was improved obviously, and that in North China was improved moderately. The North was one of the most polluted regions in China. And the probability of serious pollution in Beijing over the years has been around 5%. which has not been improved. Pollution control should be strengthened to the extreme adverse weather conditions in North china. East China＇s air quality improvement is the least significant. It is necessary for East China to learn from Southern China, accelerating industrial restructuring and strengthening the emission reduction measures.