《资本论》如何证明了唯物史观

How does Das Kapital Demonstrate the Historical Materialism

作为"政治经济学批判",《资本论》揭示了唯物史观所"唯"之"物"不再是旧唯物主义抽象的"自在之物",而是具体的商品、货币和资本等"可感觉而又超感觉"的物及其背后所掩盖的人与人之间的社会关系。资本主义的社会关系绝不是天然的、普遍的、永恒的和非历史的,它必然会随着生产方式的变革而逐渐走向消亡。正是《资本论》的"政治经济学批判"发现"剩余价值"而揭开了资产阶级压迫和剥削无产阶级的"历史秘密",真正把"唯物主义"和"历史"结合了起来,既历史性地解释了资本主义的历史命运,又历史性地解释了共产主义的历史前途,从而实现了对"历史之谜"的"政治经济学解答"。

As the “critique of political economy”,Marx reveals in Das Kapital that the “ thing” ol historical materialism as “the new materialism” is rather the abstract thing in the traditional materialism than the things that are sensible and supersensory such as concrete commodity,money and capital,as well as the social relationship between individuals behind it. The capitalist social relationship is by no means natural, general, eternal or historical. In contrast,it will head for its doom gradually with the change ol mode ol production. In Das Kapital,Marx has uncovered the secret of the oppression and exploitation of the proletariat by the bour-geoisie through “ surplus value” , and claimed to “ eliminate private ownership” by “ reconstructing the personal ownership” in order to advance the proletariat’s liberation. In Das Kapital, Marx has truly combined the materialism and history, which historically explained the historical destiny ol capitalism and the luture prospect of communism and unveiled “the answer in political economy” to the “ riddle of history”. Therefore, Das Kap- ital has not only made use ol historical materialism, but also demonstrated it.