防卫过当的罪过形式认定——以二元论为视角的展开

On Crime Form Identification of Unjustifiable self-defense: from the Perspective of Dualism

在刑法理论界与司法实践中关于如何认定防卫过当的罪过形式存在着不同之处,在司法实践中防卫过当案件常以故意伤害罪(致人死亡)处理,因此绝大多数案件中防卫过当的罪过形式是过失。而在刑法理论界对于防卫过当的罪过形式则颇具争议。应当以行为无价值二元论的进路肯定正当防卫的成立必需防卫意识,但是防卫人实施防卫行为时具有侵害意思时并不排斥正当防卫的成立的观点,更进一步能够得出防卫过当的罪过形式可以包括犯罪故意(直接故意与间接故意)以及犯罪过失。厘清防卫过当的罪过形式,能够为司法实践提供更为明确的指导方向。

how to identify the crime form of unjustifiable sdf-dcfcnsc in Criminal Law thcoiy and the judicial practiceare quite different. In the judicial practice, this kind of case usually is treated as intentional injury （death）, so the crimeform of the vast majority cases are fault, while in Criminal Law theory, there are many controversy. Defensive consciousnessshould be a necessity of the establishment of justifiable defense from the perspective of the worthless dualism. But it is notcontroversial with the fact that the defender conducts defensive action with aggression intention. On the contrar^^, it helpsto draw the conclusion that the forms of unjustifiable self-defense include intentional （direct and indirect intent） andcriminal negligence. Clarifying the crime form of unjustifiable self-defense can provide a clearer direction for judicialpractice.