玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大黄鱼生长、血清生化指标及肝脏组织学的影响

EFFECTS OF REPLACING FISH MEAL WITH CORN GLUTEN MEAL ON THE GROWTH, SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES AND LIVER HISTOLOGY OF LARGE YELLOW CROAKER LARIMICHTHYS CROCEA

为探讨玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼生长、血清生化指标及肝脏组织形态的影响,进行了为期56d的养殖试验,探索玉米蛋白粉替代大黄鱼幼鱼饲料鱼粉的适当比例。以初始体重为(10.49±0.03)g的大黄鱼幼鱼为研究对象,用玉米蛋白粉替代基础饲料(含40%鱼粉)0、15%、30%、45%、60%和75%的鱼粉来配制6种等氮(粗蛋白含量45%)等脂(粗脂肪含量10%)的实验饲料,分别标记为C0、C15、C30、C45、C60、C75组。除C0以外的替代组分别添加了适量的晶体氨基酸(赖氨酸和蛋氨酸)。结果表明,玉米蛋白粉替代水平对大黄鱼幼鱼存活率、试验鱼特定生长率、饲料系数均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。C45和C60组肌肉粗蛋白含量显著高于C0组(P<0.05),肌肉粗脂肪含量C45组显著高于C0、C15和C75组(P<0.05),C45、C60和C75组肌肉水分显著低于C0组(P<0.05),全鱼粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分含量无显著差异(P>0.05);灰分含量有上升趋势,C75组显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。各替代组的血清白蛋白、白球比、谷草转氨酶、葡萄糖均无显著性差异(P>0.05);随着替代比例的升高,总胆固醇有降低的趋势,除C15组与C0无显著性差异外(P>0.05),4组均显著低于CO组(P<0.05);实验探讨替代后对鱼的影响,C75组血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量显著低于C0组(P<0.05);C75组血清谷草转氨酶含量显著高于C0(P<0.05)。各处理组总抗氧化能力、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶均没有显著性影响(P>0.05),但替代组总抗氧化能力含量均高于C0;丙二醛在C75组显著高于C0组(P<0.05)。通过肝组织学观察表明,当替代比例高于45%时,呈现肝细胞核偏位、胞浆内脂肪滴较多、细胞透明空泡化等症状。综上所述,在实验条件下,研究认为玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大黄鱼幼鱼的适宜添加量为45%。

To investigate the effects of replacing fish meal by corn gluten meal （CGM） on fish growth, serum biochemical indices and liver histology, six isonitrogenous （45% crude protein） and isolipidic （10% crude lipid） diets withvarious dietary protein levels （0, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 75%） （designated as C0, C15, C30, C45, C60, C75） wereformulated to feed triplicate groups of juvenile large yellow croaker [mean initial weight： （10.49±0.03） g] for a 56 daystrail. In addition, all diets except the control diet were supplemented with crystalline amino acids such as lysine and methionine. Results showed that the survival rate （SR）, specific growth rate （SGR） and feed conversion ratio （FCR） werenot significantly affected （P〉0.05）. Muscle crude protein content in C45 and C60 were significantly higher than that ofC0 （P〈0.05）. Muscle crude lipid content in C45 was significantly higher than that of C0, C15 and C75 （P〈0.05）.Muscle moisture in C45, C60 and C75 were significantly lower than that of C0. CGM had no effects on crude protein,crude lipid and moisture of whole body （P〉0.05）, while, the increased CGM replacement enhanced the whole body ash.CGM did not impact serum ALB, A/G, AST and GLU. The increasing dietary CGM level decreased total TC with asignificant difference when the substitution level was more than 30% （P〈0.05）. The serum TP and GLB content of C0was significantly higher than that of C75 （P〈0.05）. Serum AST of C60 and C75 were significantly higher than that ofC0 （P〈0.05） with the highest in the C75. No significant differences were observed in the T-AOC, CAT and GHS-Px byCGM （P〉0.05）. While CGM can increase the T-AOC content. Compared to C0 diet, C75 had significant and highestvalue in MDA （P〈0.05）. From the liver histology, replacement proportion of fish meal by CGM more than 45% media-ted liver cell nucleus location and increased lipids accumulation that were translucent with vacuole. These results sug-gest that the optimal dietary protein level in juvenile large yellow croaker is about 45%.