长沙市公交车司机心理资本、应对方式和心理健康水平的关系

Study on the relationship of psychological capital,coping style and mental health among bus drivers of Changsha City

目的探讨长沙市公交车司机心理健康水平与心理资本、应对方式的关系,了解公交车司机心理健康的影响因素,为对其进行有针对性的心理干预提供理论支持。方法于2016年6月-8月,选取220名长沙市公交车司机和1 218名长沙市社区人群,通过现场调查的方式,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、心理资本问卷(PCQ)和特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)进行施测。结果 (1)长沙市公交车司机SCL-90总均分高于社区人群和常模(P<0.01),尤其躯体化、强迫症状、敌对、精神病性(P<0.01)和偏执(P<0.05)评分高于社区人群和常模;(2)公交车司机的积极应对方式(PC)评分高于社区人群和全国常模(P<0.05),PCQ中自我效能和韧性评分均高于社区人群(P均<0.05),且其PC评分与PCQ中4个维度评分呈正相关(r=0.237~0.409,P<0.01),与SCL-90中9个因子评分呈负相关(r=-0.402^-0.319,P<0.01);(3)心理资本中的"希望"(β=-0.320,t=-2.049,R^2=0.294,P<0.05)和积极应对方式(β=-0.299,t=-1.669,R^2=0.294,P<0.01)对心理健康水平有正向预测作用。结论公交车司机是身心疾病的高危群体,改善这一群体的心理资本和积极应对方式,有利于提高其心理健康水平。

Objective To explore the relationship among the mental health,psychological capital and coping style in bus drivers of Changsha City in order to learn the influencing factors of their mental health for the further better intervention.Methods From June to August 2016,220drivers and 1218 community citizens were interviewed with the Symptom Checklist 90（ SCL-90）,Psychological Capital Questionnaires （PCQ） and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire （TCSQ） through field survey.Results ①Changsha City bus drivers＇SCL-90score were higher than community citizens and the national norm （P〈0.01）,particularly in somatization,obsessive -compulsive,hostility,psychiatric （P〈0.01 ） and paranoid （ P〈0.05 ）.②The bus drivers＇ score in positive coping style were significantly higher than that of community citizens and the national norm （P〈0.05 ） .The bus drivers scores in self-efficacy and flexibility were significantly higher than those of community citizens （all P〈0.05） .There was respectively a significant negative and positive relationship between SCL-90scores（r=-0.402-0.319,P〈0.01）,PCQ scores （ r=0.237-0.409,P〈0.01） with positive coping style among bus drivers.③The ＂hope＂ in psychological capital （β=-0.320,t=-2.049,R2=0.294,P〈0.05 ） and positive coping style （β= -0.299,t=0.669,R2=0.294,P〈0.01） could positively predicted mental health.Conclusion Bus drivers are high risk groups of physical and mental illness,which indicated that improving the psychological capital and positive coping style of this group is helpful to improve their mental health level.