从二元结构到全景关照——中国传统乡村治理研究的视角转换

From Binary Structure to Panoramic Attention——The Transformation of Traditional Chinese Rural Governance Research Perspective

"国家—社会"二元对立的阐释范式,覆盖了政治学界针对传统中国乡村治理领域的研究。本文在重新剖析、审视这种阐释范式的基础上,认为"官治绅理"的分析逻辑虽然能够通过对治理主体进行本质性解构来说明传统乡村治理的权力逻辑与组织行为,但却忽略了乡村治理中"民意"的张力与作用,无法清晰揭示在中国传统乡村"治理场域"中的权力—权利内在逻辑。虽然学界已有突破原有研究框架的努力,但本文认为仍需在前人基础上将研究视角从传统的"国家—社会"二元主体分析维度,转向国家—民众—士绅(以民众为核心)的多元主体分析维度。并且还要突破传统研究范式仅仅从静态治理主体解构乡村治理结构的局限,从动态的治理机制视角解码中国传统乡村治理的运行规律,实现从二元结构到全景关照的研究视角转换。

The research on traditional Chinese rural governance in academic circles is influenced by the paradigm of ＂national-gentry＂ dual structure. On the basis of reanalyzing and examining this paradigm, the paper holds that the analytic logic of ＂official gentry＂ can explain the power logic and organizational behavior of traditional rural governance through the essential deconstruction of governance subjects. The tension and role of public opinion in the rural governance can not clearly reveal the inherent logic of the power-right in the traditional rural ＂governance field＂. It is pointed out that there is an urgent need to shift the research perspective from the traditional ＂national-gentry＂ dualistic analysis to the national-public-gentry （people-centered） multiple dimension. And it believes that, to break through the traditional research paradigm which is only from the static governance subject to deconstruct the limitations of rural governance structure, the introduction of ＂process-event＂ analysis strategy from the perspective of dynamic governance mechanism to decode the operation law of the traditional rural governance is needed, and then the transformation of traditional Chinese rural governance research perspective from binary structure to a panoramic view can be achieved.