地面覆盖对渭北旱地苹果园土壤理化性质与果实产量、品质的影响

Effect of Different Ground-mulching Patterns on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Yield and Fruit Quality in Non-irrigated Apple Orchard in Weibei Highland

为了探讨渭北旱塬地区苹果园不同地面覆盖方式对土壤理化性质及果实的影响,在10a生‘礼富9号’短枝富士果园设置清耕(CK)、覆膜(Ⅰ)、覆秸秆(Ⅱ)、覆膜覆秸秆(Ⅲ)、覆膜覆秸秆+行间生草(Ⅳ)、覆膜覆秸秆+行间铺砂石(Ⅴ)6个处理,研究不同覆盖方式下土壤水分、养分以及果实产量、品质的差异。结果表明:与清耕相比,覆盖能有效地提高土壤含水量、贮水量、有机质、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾质量分数;在0~100cm和100~200cm土层分别以处理Ⅴ和Ⅳ保水效果最好,土壤含水量分别比对照提高20.69%和19.89%;处理Ⅴ提高10月份0~80cm土层内土壤贮水量,较CK增加57.98mm;土壤养分以处理Ⅳ效果最好,其0~80cm土壤有机质、速效氮、速效钾、速效磷累积量分别较CK增加38.11%、166.36%、72.46%、36.20%;5种覆盖方式均能提高果实产量和改善果实品质,处理Ⅲ果实硬度较CK增加7.84%;处理Ⅳ果实产量、单果质量、维生素C、可溶性糖、糖酸比分别较CK提高20.28%、37.83%、30.48%、18.94%、33.73%;各处理下果实可滴定酸质量分数均有所降低,但差异不显著。综合上述分析认为,覆膜覆秸秆+行间生草处理能够有效地保持和调节土壤水分,改善土壤养分状况,且有利于果实产量和品质的提高,可作为该地区果园管理中切实可行的覆盖模式。

The experiment was conducted to investigate effect of different ground mulching patterns on soil physicochemical properties and their implications for fruit productivity and quality in an apple orchard in Weibei highland.In ‘Liquan Fuji 9＇short shoot Fuji apple orchard,six treatments were as follows：clean tillage（CK）,film mulching（Ⅰ）,straw mulching（Ⅱ）,dual mulching of film and straw（Ⅲ）,the combination of dual mulching of film and straw and grass mulching between tree lines（Ⅳ）,the combination of dual mulching of film and straw and sand mulching between tree lines（Ⅴ）.The result suggested that mulching could effectively enhance soil water mass fraction,water-holding capacity,organic matter mass fraction,available nitrogen mass fraction,available phosphorus mass fraction,available potassium mass fraction.The water retention capacity was in the highest value at 0-100 cm and 100-200 cm soil layers under treatments of Ⅴ and Ⅳ,the water mass fraction was increased by20.69% and 19.89% compared with CK,respectively.It increased soil water storage at 0-80 cm soil layers in October under treatmentⅤ,which increased by 57.98 mm compared with CK.TreatmentⅣhad the greatest improvement in terms of soil nutrients.The mass fraction of organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium at 0-80 cm soil layers under treatment ofⅣincreased by 38.11%,166.36%,72.46%,36.20%,respectively.All treatments could improve apple fruit yield and quality.The fruit hardness increased by 7.84% under treatment of Ⅲ.The fruit yield,fruit mass,vitamin C mass fraction,soluble sugar mass fraction,sugar-acid ratio increased by 20.28%,37.83%,30.48%,18.94%,33.73% under treatmentⅣ,respectively.There was decrease but had no significant difference in fruit titratable acid mass fraction regardless of treatments.In conclusion,the treatment Ⅳ,the combination of dual mulching of film and straw and grass mulching between tree lines could effectively keep higher soil water mass fraction and increase soil nutrition mass fraction so as to improve the apple fruit quality and quantity.Therefore,this mulching technology could be practical in apple production in Weibei highland.