旅游影响民族社区社会关系变迁的微观研究——以岜沙苗寨为例

Microcosmic Research on the Impact of Tourism on Social Relations Changes in Ethnic Communities: Taking Basha Miao Village as an Example

文章从较为微观的研究视角出发,以社会关系为研究对象,通过定性的研究方法对贵州从江县岜沙1苗寨展开个案研究。对比旅游发展前后岜沙苗寨社会关系的建立方式、主要特征方面的差异,进而回答"民族社区在旅游发展影响下,其关系的建立方式,社会关系的整体特征等发生了怎样的变化"这一问题,研究发现旅游发展改变了外部主体与岜沙村民建立社会关系的方式,但并未改变岜沙共同体内部成员之间社会关系的研究结论,实现了与已有相关研究成果的对话。

Over the years, a large number of studies focusing on the social impacts of tourism in ethnic minority areas have been conducted in the field of tourism research, addressing a variety of topics. Not only does tourism bring tourists to ethnic communities, but also products, services, money, materials and new ideas, which make local residents re-define both their communities and themselves. One of the main manifestations thereof can be observed in the changed social relations that occur at the village scale. After tourism develops in ethnic communities, the unique combination of new social relations and historical social relations determines the specific impact of tourism on ethnic villages. Although current research has found that tourism affects social relations, and brings about change in ethnic communities, there is still little research at the micro level shedding light on changes in social relations among ethnic communities following the development of tourism. This paper, conducted from the perspective of microcosmic research, takes social relations as its research object and carries out a case study on Basha Miao Village through the qualitative research method. By comparing the construction and the main characteristics of social relations in Basha Miao Village before and after the development of tourism, this paper answers the question： ＂What has changed in the construction and the main characteristics of social relations in ethnic communities under the influence of tourism development？＂ The research finds that the development of tourism has changed the way of establishing social relations between outside subjects and the villagers of Basha, but has not changed social relations among the members of Basha community. Three aspects are worthy of discussion in the context of this research： （1） The particularity of the case itself determines the conclusion of the research. As Basha community is an ethnic minority village, its community-building methods include marriage, sworn brotherhood and other means, which make its internal social relations extremely solid. Almost every member of the community has extremely strong social relations, and rejects knowledge, people and behavior come from the outside world. This makes it difficult for the flow of tourism, logistics and information to have an impact on the people inside the community. From this we can see that the impact of tourism on communities bears a strong relationship with the characteristics of the community itself. Tourism has a varied impact on different communities. （2） It is worth reflecting on the fact that, although social relations in Basha Miao Village have been slowly differentiating under the influence of tourism development at this stage, in the future, and especially in the presence of external large-scale investors or large-scale tourism projects, it is likely to cause rapid changes in Basha traditional culture and social relations in the short term, according to the ＂cultivation theory＂ of culture. （3） Regarding the study of spatial transformations in tourism impact research, the dialectical relationship between social relations and space production has been discussed at the macro level, but micro mechanisms determining the interaction of tourism influence, community relations, and community space interact are still rarely involved. This paper preliminarily explores this research topic at the micro level, but such aspects as the corresponding research and research methods need to be further developed in the future.