基于价值论与供求论范式的供给侧结构性改革研析

Study on Structural Reform of the Supply Front Based on the Paradigms of Theory of Value and Theory of Supply and Demand

马克思经济学是以价值论为主线、以供求论为辅线的严密学术范式体系。基于价值论范式,所谓供给侧就体现为(或定义为):提供效用的实质供给、提供有用产品的实际供给、提供以使用价值为前提而以货币单位计量的交换价值名义供给,以及以信用货币标示的无使用价值之物的虚拟供给。简言之,实质供给的核心意义是"提供有用性",实际供给的核心意义是"提供有用物",名义供给的核心意义是"提供价值量",虚拟供给的核心意义是"符号值增殖"。供给侧失调的价值论性质"内嵌"在供求体系中。其主要表现是结构失衡和质效缺陷。供给形态的演化与异化的过程发生了"目的"与"工具"的三次颠倒,也就是马克思所说的商品拜物教和货币拜物教的产生。人类无论怎样生活在充满货币幻觉的世界,无论复杂的货币世界把经济关系编织得如何复杂,甚至让人类完全颠倒地看待这个世界,分不清"目的"与"工具",但是,一旦供给体系尤其是实质供给问题凸显,货币性(需求侧)政策效率递减,人们就不得不回到经济的最实质其实也是最本原的层面,从实质供给与实际有效供给上寻找出路。这就是中国进行供给侧结构性改革的根本缘由。供给侧结构性改革的目标是提高供给体系的协调性、高效性和高质性。"三去一降一补"最终体现为劳动生产率的提高,而且要使供给体系的创新空间更加宽阔,促进整个经济社会充满活力。

Marxian economics is a rigorous academic paradigm system of which main line is the theory of value and auxiliary line is the theory of supply and demand. Based on the paradigm of the theory of value, the so-called supply side reflected as substantial supply providing utility, actual supply providing useful products, normal supply providing exchange value which is measured by credit unit and regards the use value as prerequisite, virtual supply of goods marking by credit money without use value. In short, the core meaning of substantial supply is ＂providing usefulness＂, the core meaning of actual supply is ＂providing useful goods＂, the core meaning of normal supply is ＂providing magnitude of value＂, and the core meaning of virtual supply is ＂proliferation of value of symbol＂. The nature of the theory of value of supply side imbalance ＂embedded＂ in the system of supply and demand. It mainly appears as structural imbalances and quality defects. The reversal of ＂purpose＂ and ＂tools＂ in the evolution of supply pattern and the process of alienation happened three times, which is the creation of commodity fetishism and currency fetishism said by Marx. No matter how human live in the world full of currency illusion, how complicated economic relationship woven by complex currency world is, even make human to reverse completely the view of the world and can not distinguish between ＂purpose＂ and ＂tool＂, once the problem of supply system, especially substantial supply arises, the efficiency of currency （demand side） policy declines, people have to return to the most substantial and most principle level of the economy, and look for the way from substantial supply and actual effective supply. This is the fundamental cause of structural reform of the supply front in China. The goal of structural reform of the supply front is to improve coordination, efficiency and high quality of the supply system. The policy of cutting down overcapacity, destocking and deleveraging, reducing corporate costs and shoring up weak spots ultimately reflects the improvement of labor productivity, and make the innovation space more broad of the supply system and promote the whole economic society full of vigor.