进向道德:质料伦理学对人性禀赋的经验考察——康德《实用人类学》的本旨

Towards Morality: An Empirical Investigation on Human Endowment in Ethics of Material

康德的伦理学包括形式伦理学和质料伦理学。质料伦理学经验性地考察人性禀赋,但不是生理学的探究,而是把人当作一个世界公民来考察他能够和应该成为什么。人的自然禀赋如认识能力、鉴赏能力和欲求能力都应该朝着促进人们发挥自由的理性能力的方向加以塑造和完善,只有这样,我们的自然禀赋才能与理性的实践能力的发用相协调,并在一个决定性的时刻达到心意更新,而获得道德的个性,进向道德善。所以,质料伦理学是康德实践哲学的实质性部分。

Kant＇ s ethics includes ethics of form and ethics of material. Ethics of material empirically investi- gates human endowment. But it is not a physiological investigation. It investigates that what human being can be and should be as a woad citizen. Human endowment such as the capacities of knowing, appreciation and seeking, should be molded and improved towards the freedom and reason, only in doing so, our natural endowment will cohere with the using of the practical ability of reason in - itself. And we will renew our mind at defining moment, acquire a moral personality, and become good morally. Therefore, ethics of material is an essential part of Kant＇ s practical philosophy.