城市化进程中失地农民摩擦性失业问题研究

Research on Frictional Unemployment of Land-Lost Peasants in the Process of Urbanization

伴随着工业化和城市化进程的加速,土地流转和用途的改变是必然的,失地农民会不可避免地存在摩擦性失业现象。对摩擦性失业的总体状况和结构加以测算和分析,可以帮助政府知道需要提供多少财力和其他措施应对失地农民的摩擦性失业。失地的冲击对农民的就业状况存在磁滞效应,冲击过后,农民的总体就业状况不能恢复到冲击前的水平,而失地农民的摩擦性失业时间呈现两极分化的状态,失去土地的最初半年是农民找寻工作的关键时期。调查发现,在16~59岁的失地农民中,仅有2.2%的人因为非自愿性的原因而未在1年之内找到工作,因而可能会遭受生存威胁,需要政府予以扶持,给予相应的生存保障。而对于绝大多数的农民来说,失去土地对他们的生存冲击并不大,因为绝大多数的农民会在1年以内找到工作。此外,失地农民的性别、年龄、文化程度、健康状况、培训情况、非农工作经验、失地前收入来源以及失地农民所在地区经济的发达情况均为影响其摩擦性失业时间的重要因素。

With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization,land circulation and the change of land use is inevitable,and the land-lost peasants will inevitably face the problem of frictional unemployment.This paper mainly measures and analyzes the overall situation and structure of the frictional unemployment,making the government know how to provide financial support and other measures to deal with the problem.The impact of losing land has a hysteresis effect on the employment situation of the peasants.After the impact,their employment situation cannot be restored to the original level,and the frictional unemployment time of the land-lost peasants is polarized.After losing land,the first half year is a critical period for the peasants to find a job.According to the survey,only 2.2% of the 16 to 59-year-old land-lost peasants didn’t find jobs in one year because of involuntary reasons and could suffer from survival threats,and may need government support.And for the vast majority of peasants,the loss of land on their survival is not big,for they will find work within a year.In addition,the gender,age,educational level,health status,training situation,non-agricultural work experience of the peasants,the source of income before losing land and the region’s economic development situation are the important factors influencing their frictional unemployment time.