江西崇义客家梯田系统生物多样性特征与演化分析

Analysis on Biodiversity Characteristics and Evolution of Chongyi Hakka Terrace in Jiangxi Province

农业生物多样性的研究和保护已成为全球生物多样性研究和保护的重点领域之一。优越的自然条件和800年的农耕历史使崇义客家梯田系统范围内形成了种类繁多、特色鲜明的动植物资源。为了探讨崇义客家梯田范围内的农业生物多样性现状,为管理和保护当地的农业文化遗产提供依据,通过文献调查、野外调查和Simpson优势度指数(D)、G-F指数等研究方法对崇义梯田系统的生物多样性及其演化进行了分析。结果表明:崇义梯田系统及其辐射范围内具有丰富的农业生物多样性,该区形成了森林、村庄、梯田、水系有机结合而成的"四度同构"山地农业体系;另外,从演化趋势看,传统作物品种与野生珍稀物种流失严重,生物多样性面临重大挑战。崇义客家梯田生物多样性特征及演化的了解能极大促进崇义客家梯田系统世界农业文化遗产的申报。

Currently,investigating and protecting agricultural biodiversity has become one important field of the research and protection of global agricultural biodiversity. Owing to the superior natural conditions and long farming history, a great variety of flora and fauna resources with distinctive fea- tures have been bred among the ecosystem of Chongyi Hakka Terrace Fields. In order to investigate the present situation of agricultural biodiversity in Chongyi Hakka Terrace Fields, and to provide fact foundation for managing and protecting local agricultural heritage, methods such as literary survey, field survey, Simpson Index as well as G-F Index were applied to analyze the biodiversity and evolution of Chongyi Hakka Terrace. The results show that the agricultural biodiversity in this area is high- ly rich. On the basis of rich agricultural biodiversity, the hilly agricultural system with forestry, villages, terrace fields and water systems united has been formed, in addition, from the perspective of evolution trend, the loss of traditional crop species and wild rare species are serious, biological diversity is facing significant challenges. The understanding of the characteristics and evolution of the biodiversity of the Chongyi Hakka Terraces can greatly promote the declaration of the world agricultural cultural heritage.