江西崇义客家梯田的起源与演变研究

The Origin and Evolution of the Jiangxi Chongyi Hakka Terrace

梯田不仅是重要的农业资源,也是利用山地、丘陵坡地的一种农业耕作方式,是水土保持中一种有效的田间工程措施,更是我国的重要农业文化遗产。江西崇义客家梯田的起源与演变过程,是我国梯田农业文化的重要分支。利用遥感和地理信息系统技术,结合统计资料,对崇义客家梯田和核心区的范围进行了确定;并基于地方史志记载、研究文献、姓氏族谱、民间传说,对崇义客家梯田的起源进行了分析。通过对文物的发掘,表明在崇义境内很早已有人类定居,认为元朝时期是客家梯田的雏形阶段,仅为零星的局部小块;明清时期为形成阶段,形成阶阶相连的成片客家梯田,梯田也已基本完工;清朝以后到至今为稳定阶段,客家梯田处于稳定时期。最后从客家梯田规模、劳动力数量及结构、种养殖特征、农耕技术等方面阐述崇义客家梯田系统的演变。

Terraced fields is not only an important agricultural resource, but also a kind of agricultural cultivation mode, which is a kind of effective field engineering measure. Terrace fields are of great importance to prevent and reform the soil erosion in sloping fields, to conserve water and soil as well as to improve ecological function. The origin and evolution of Jiangxi Chongyi Hakka terrace, is an important branch of China＇s terrace agricultural culture. In this article,the remote sensing, GIS tech- nology and statistical data were used to confirm the range and the core area of Chongyi Terrace Fields. Besides, the origin was analyzed through local history records, research literatures, pedigrees, folklores. The archeological records show that human being had settled in Chongyi long ago;it was in Yuan dynasty that the Hakka terrace fields firstly had been developed, with only small areas;While it was in Ming and Qing dynasties that the terrace fields had been developed greatly and almost completed ; and from then on, the terrace fields have been in a period of stability. The evolution of Hakka terrace fields would be discussed from four facets, that is, the scale of Hakka terrace fields, the humher and structure of labor force,the feature of cultivation as well as the farming techniques.