牧区生态养殖与饲草料供给技术

Technology of Ecological Culture in Pastoral Area and Forage Grass Supply

在天山北坡选择了昌吉、塔城、阿勒泰三处示范区,先后7年完成了划区轮牧、放牧强度、退化草地修复、人工草地建设、优良野生牧草育种材料的筛选、牧草新品种培育等工作。通过多年努力,已经确认与自由放牧相比,适度放牧或划区轮牧是比较合适的利用强度和利用方式,示范户按照这种利用强度或利用方式经营,一方面暖季草场完全可以满足家畜利用,无需添加任何补充性饲料;另一方面也有利于草地良性发展和生态恢复。说明改变暖季饲养模式、增大冷季饲草贮备是提高牧民经济收入,扩大生产经营规模的主要措施和有效途径。

Chose three demonstration area on north slope of Tianshan mountain was respectively Changji, Tacheng and Aletai, we completed rotational grazing, grazing intensity, degraded grassland repairing, artificial grassland construction, excellent wild forage breeding material selection and forage new variety cultivation and so on in the seven years. Hard work many years ,which has confirmed the moderate grazing or blocks rotational grazing is more appropriate way of using intensity and using compared with the free grazing. A model household management according to the use of strength or use way, on the one hand , it could completely satisfy the cattle use and don＇ t need to add any supplementary feed in warm season. On the other hand, it is advantageous to develop grassland and ecological restoration. These are main measures and effective ways to improve the economic income of herdsmen, and expand the scale of production, operation of changing the feed patterns and increasing forage grass supply in cold season.