3Thistlethwaite JE, Davies D, Ekeocha S, et al. The effectivenessof case-based learning in health professional education. A BEMEsystematic review:BEME Guide No 2[J]. Med Teach,2012,34( 6 ):421-444.
4Michael SS. Beyond formative and summative evaluation. //McLaughlin MW, Phillips C. Evaluation and education: a quartercentuiy[M]. Chicago : Lniversity of Chicago Press,1991.
5[美]布卢姆著,邱渊等译.教育评价[M] . 上海:华东师范大学出版社,1987.5.
6Valerie J ,Shute. Focus on formative feed back [J]. Review of EducationalResearch,2 0 0 8, 1 :157-179.
7StigginsR. Assessment crisis : The absence of assessment for learning[J]. Phi Delta Kappan. 2002, 8 3 ( 5 ) :758-765.
