2162例婴幼儿急性呼吸道感染病毒抗原的诊断意义

Diagnostic significance of viral antigens in 2162 infants with acute respiratory tract infection

目的通过对婴幼儿急性呼吸道感染的病毒抗原进行检测,分析评价病毒抗原临床研究的价值及诊断意义。方法选取2015年9月至2016年9月在该院治疗的急性呼吸道感染婴幼儿患者2 162例,采取直接免疫荧光法对7项呼吸道病毒实施抗原检测,其中包括呼吸道合胞病毒、腺病毒、流感病毒A型、流感病毒B型、副流感病毒1型、副流感病毒2型及副流感病毒3型,分析比较本研究中所有婴幼儿7项呼吸道病毒感染检出情况及其与性别、年龄及季节的关系情况。结果检测出阳性标本575例,总检出率为26.6%,且呼吸道合胞病毒、腺病毒、流感病毒A型、流感病毒B型、副流感病毒1型、副流感病毒2型感染的婴幼儿患者,男女感染率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。受副流感病毒3型感染的婴幼儿中男56例(占总例数的2.59%)与女34例(占总例数的1.57%),两者感染率比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.385,P=0.037)。不同年龄段受病毒感染的总阳性率不同,年龄段之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。第1、4季度婴幼儿7项呼吸道病毒感染的合计检出率分别为34.43%、35.13%,远高于第2季度的8.35%和第3季度的9.04%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论直接免疫荧光法检测病毒诊断表明,急性呼吸道的病毒感染与性别关系不大,但与婴幼儿的年龄及季节具有一定相关性;该法可为临床针对性用药提供有效依据,防止抗菌药物滥用,大大提高诊治疗效,对婴幼儿呼吸道感染临床治疗有重要意义,值得临床推广应用。

Objective To detect the viral antigens in infants with acute respiratory tract infection for analyzing the value and diagnostic significance of viral antigens clinical research.Methods A total of 2 162 infants and young children patients with acute respiratory tract infection from in our hospital from September 2015 to September 2016 were collected.The direct immunofluorescence method was adopted to conduct the antigen detection of seven respiratory viruses,including respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）,adenovirus（ADV）,influenza virus type A（IFV-A）,influenza virus type B（IFV-B）,parainfluenza virus type 1（PIV-1）,parainfluenza virus type 2（PIV-2）and parainfluenza virus type 3（PIV-3）.The detection situation of seven respiratory virus infection in all subjects in this study was analyzed and compared and its relation with sex,age and season was also analyzed.Results A total of 575 positive specimens were detected with the total detection rate of 26.6%,moreover the infection rate of respiratory syncytial virus,adenovirus,influenza virus type A,influenza virus type B,parainfluenza virus type 1and parainfluenza virus type 2had no statistical differences between male and female（P〈0.05）,among the infants of parainfluenza virus type 3infection,56cases（2.59%）were male and 34cases（1.57%）were female,the difference was statistically significant（χ^2=4.385,P=0.037）.The total positive rates in different ages of viral infection were different,the differences among the age periods had statistical significance（P〈0.05）.The total detection rates of infants and young children respiratory tract viral infection at the first quarter and fourth quarter were34.43% and 35.13%respectively,which were much higher than 8.35%and 9.04%in the second quarter and the third quarter,the differences were statistically significant（P〈0.05）.Conclusion The viral diagnosis of immunofluorescence assay indicates that acute respiratory tract infection has a little relation with sex,but has a certain relation with age and seasons;this method can provide an effective basis for clinical targeted medication,greatly increases the diagnostic and treatment efficiency,has an important significance for clinical treatment of infantile respiratory tract infection and is worth clinical promotion.