论过失侵权中可预见性规则的司法适用

On the Judicial Application of Predictable Rules in the Tort of Negligence

为了合理解决豪车被撞涉及天价赔偿事件,本文引入英美侵权法中的"可预见性规则"来设定此类问题中的赔偿上限。在豪车刮蹭事件当中,即使肇事方承担全部责任,赔偿仍超出了其可预见的范围。根据可预见性规则,设置一个赔偿上限,从而避免轻微事故导致倾家荡产。而赔偿上限的设定,可以借鉴可预见性规则在合同法中的"信息与预见成正比"的规律,根据肇事车主购买保险额度的高低来设定赔偿上限所占车险比例的一个浮动的百分比,以充分发挥车险在此类事故中的作用,确保公平正义。

To properly deal with the over--charged compensation after the luxury cars being knocked, this paper introduces the ＂predictability rules＂ from the Tort Law in Anglo--American law system to set a limit of the compensation. In the accident of luxury cars being scratched, even though the responsible party assumes the whole responsibility, the compensation may still exceed the predictable range. According to the predictability rule, the setting of a compensation upper limit can avoid the bankruptcy as a result of a minor accident. The setting of compensation limit can refer to the rule of ＂information is directly proportional to predictability＂. The limit of compensation can be set a floating ratio according to percentage of upper limit of compensation to the sum assured purchased by the responsible party, so that function of car insurance in such accidents can be brought into full play and equity and justice be maintained.