互文性与隐喻——中美外交话语隐喻互文性比较研究

Intertextuality and Metaphor——A Comparative Study of Metaphorical Intertextuality Between Chinese and American Diplomatic Discourses

作为人类普遍使用的隐喻,在语境中经过引用等改造方式,被动态地转移到语篇建构中,具有互文性。互文引用中,叙述"视角"使得当下话语与转述之间发生映射,具有隐喻互文性。外交话语中的直接引语,"摄像式"视角,文学隐喻的引用,使话语产生权威性、客观性、生动性语用效果;间接引语,特别是自由间接引语,日常隐喻和专业领域隐喻的使用,视点上的"内聚焦"方式,把隐喻互文性与说话者内容相融合,从而能对听话者产生移情的语用效果;言语/思维行为的叙事表述把言者的评价与隐喻思维相结合,"思考评价"视角框架,更加有效地形成价值认同。中美外交话语中的转述方式和隐喻内容具有一定的异同性。

Metaphor is a commonly used form of intertextuality because it has been transformed in discourse construction through modification in contexts. In quotation, narrative perspective makes current discourses map into reported ones. In diplomatic discourses, the literature metaphor in direct speeches achieves authoritative, objective and vivid effect through ＂Camera＂ perspective; metaphors in everyday life and special fields used in indirect speech, especially free indirect speeches merge the intertexts with the ideas of speakers through internalfocus visual angle, thus attaining the pragmatic effect of empathy. The speech/thought act narration fuses the speaker＇s evaluation with metaphorical ideas through the frame of thinking evaluation, hence sharing the identification of value. The reported and metaphorical forms indicate some differences and sameness in Chinese and American diplomatic discourses.