国外森林权属制度改革现状与路径

An Overview of Forest Tenure System Reform in Foreign Countries

近30年来,世界许多国家开展了森林及林地权属制度改革。改革的主要方向是将森林/林木的所有权/经营管理权下放给政府之外的利益主体,包括家庭、企业和社区。这种改革涉及到森林管理权和经营利用权的下放及森林所有权私有化等复杂多样的产权形式。文中以联合国粮农组织发布的相关报告及国外林权改革相关文献资料为主要素材,选择德国、日本、新西兰、欧洲部分转型国家及独联体国家等诸多国家的改革案例,对国外林权制度改革类型进行梳理,以总结国外林权制度改革的现状、路径和趋势等,为我国林权制度改革提供借鉴。

Since 1990s, many countries around the world have gone through the reform of forest and forest tenure system, that is to decentralize the forest/tree ownership/tenure to the non- government interest parties, including families, enterprises and communities. This reform involves the decentralization of forest management and forest use rights, privatization of forest ownership and other complicated property forms. This paper reviewed the literature from the FAO and other organizations on forest tenure reform, and selected Germany, Japan, New Zealand, several European countries in transition and Commonwealth of Independent States as the case studies for the types of forest tenure reform in the world. This study was aimed to conclude the current situation, roadmap and trend of forest tenure reform and provides a reference for the forest tenure system reform in China.