矮堰基础冲刷研究进展

Research progress on scour at weir-like structures

矮堰基础附近冲刷坑的深度是矮堰设计的重要参数,关系到建筑物的稳定与安全。系统回顾了国内外80余年关于矮堰基础冲刷的研究进展,阐述了矮堰基础冲刷的分类和机理,从物理模型试验、理论分析和数值模拟3个方面评述了研究现状和存在的不足。目前矮堰基础冲刷较为成熟的成果多集中于二维矮堰非淹没式清水冲刷方面,以物理模型试验方法为主,对于三维矮堰结构的动床冲刷、非冲积原状土床沙成分组成的影响、行进沙波与冲刷过程的耦合关系、浑水冲刷过程数值模拟技术等问题研究还有待深入。

Local scour depth at weir-like structures is one of the most important engineering design parameters, which significantly affects the stability and safety of the structure. In this paper, the 80 years＇ research progress on scour at weir-like structures is reviewed. The scour classifications at weirs and the corresponding scour mechanism are elaborated. The research progress on physical modelling, theoretical analysis and numerical modelling of scour at weir-like structures is introduced and discussed. The past research outputs are found mostly confined to clear-water scour at 2-D unsubmerged weirs and relied heavily on physical modelling techniques, while studies on live-bed scour at 3-D weirs, effects of rocky bed materials, coupling relationships of migrating bedforms and developing scour holes, numerical simulation of live-bed scour process, and etc. are limited. The potential research areas are also given in the last section of the paper.