宁夏引黄灌区末段区域农业水资源配置研究

Study on water resources allocation of agriculture in the end piece of Yellow River irrigation region in Ningxia

为探索农业水资源配置的新模式,以"自然—人工"二元水循环理论为基础,以宁夏引黄灌区末段区域(石嘴山市)为研究区,分析农田水循环过程,提出"引沟济渠"农田灌溉水源调配新思路。以农田灌溉水质要求、灌溉水量需求以及水资源管理用水红线为约束,借助MATLAB优化工具进行模拟计算,结果表明:在满足农田灌溉水质的前提下,取用惠农渠水4.83亿m^3、第五排水沟水0.92亿m^3、唐徕渠水0.82亿m^3、第三排水沟水0.31亿m^3,可节约黄河水1.23亿m^3;在上游排水沟水质较差情况下水质是主要约束条件,在上游排水沟水质较好情况下排水量是主要约束条件;实施"引沟济渠"模式应本着"差水控量,好水用尽"的原则,充分利用上游排水沟的来水。该农业水资源利用模式可节约渠灌水,做到"一水多用、多水联用",为干旱区灌区水资源配置提供借鉴。

In order to explore a new water resources allocation model of farmland,the paper takes the end piece of Yellow River irrigation region in Ningxia（Shizuishan City） as study area. Analysis the key reasons of water resources problems and study the water cycle of farmland based on natural-artificial dualistic hydrological cycle. Propose the new idea of leading water from ditches to drain as water resource of irrigation. Simulated with MATLAB optimization tool under restricts of water quality and quantity of farmland irrigation demand and also the red line of water resource management. The results show that under the constrain of irrigation water quality,the water using of Huinong canal,fifth drain,Tanglai canal and third drain are 438,92,82 and 31 million m^3 which can save original irrigation water of Yellow River about 123 million m^3. In the case of poor water quality of upstream drain,the water quality is the main constraint condition,otherwise,the water quantity is the main constraint condition.In order to make full use of drain water,the model of leading water from ditch to drain should be implemented under the principle of controlling quantity in the condition of poor drainwater and running out of drainwater in the condition of good drainwater respectively. The water resources use model of farmland can save fresh water and achieve multi-purpose water use. And also provide reference for water resources allocation in arid area.