解读罗西·兰迪对《语言相对论的意识形态》的批判（英文）

A Reading of Rossi-Landi＇s Critique on ＂Ideologies of Linguistic Relativity＂

罗西·兰迪《语言相对论的意识形态》一文可能是对萨丕尔-沃尔夫观点最为无情的一次批判。也许正因如此,该文应当算是诸多反语言相对论的学说中,最不知名的一个,因而也极少被讨论。罗西·兰迪指出,正是语言相对论的理想主义机器资产阶级基础,导致该领域的理论家在进行理论构建时,其意识形态发生了扭曲。而这种扭曲,在这些学者思考语言与思想之关系时,会变得更为明显。罗西·兰迪借助其符号学理论对此进行了解释,他阐明为何通过美国印第安人语言进行研究,可提出语言相对论这一理论或假说。他指出一系列由语言相对论所引起的困惑和混淆,并倡导用另一种方法去解释语言相对论所引发的问题,即一种辩证唯物主义者的方法,这种方法需要顾及说话者之间的亲疏状况,他们通过社会模式和项目对物质和语言的开发情况,以及他们获得解放的可能性。

Rossi-Landi＇s text ＂Ideologies of Linguistic Relativity＂ is probably the most merciless critique ever made of Sapir-Whorl% thesis, although it remains, perhaps for this very reason, the least known, discussed and developed among the scientific objections aroused against linguistic relativity. Rossi-Landi points out its idealistic and bourgeois basis, which brought its theorists to ideological deformations in their formulations, especially in their conception of the relationships between language and thought. Rossi-Landi demystifies them through his semiotics. He explains why what we call linguistic relativity could develop as a theory or a hypothesis through the study of American Indian languages. He shows a series of confusions and reifications it gave birth and suggests another way of considering the problems aroused by linguistic relativity： that one of a dialectical-materialist approach taking account of the alienated condition of speakers, of their material and linguistic exploitation through social models and programs, and of the possibilities of their emancipation.