资源富集区农民人均纯收入的时空演进分析——以榆林市为例

Spatial-temporal variation pattern analysis of farmer income in resource-rich area——A case study of Yulin City

农民收入是反映农村经济发展状况的重要指标,研究农民收入差距的时空演进状况,对于促进区域协调、城乡统筹发展具有重要意义.采用统计分析法、空间分析法对1998—2014年榆林市县域农民人均纯收入区域差异的时空演进格局进行探讨.结果表明:1998—2014年榆林市县域农民收入绝对差异不断扩大,极差值和标准差分别从940、302.48增至5 496、2 246.34;相对差异波动变化,1998—2007年极值比和变异系数分别从2.275、0.292增至2.567、0.313,2014年降至1.676、0.217;榆林市农民收入的空间布局呈现西北高、东南低的特点;县域农民收入空间正相关性逐渐增强,Moran’s值从0.377 1升至0.580 0,收入水平相似的地区在空间上集聚;农民人均纯收入的L-L类型区在南部地区聚集且数量增加,H-H类型区在空间上随机分布,不存在集聚现象;资源禀赋、经济地理区位和结构、区域发展政策是影响农民收入区域差异的主要原因.

The farmers＂ per-capita net income is one of the important indicators, which can reflect the development of rural economy. Realizing the current situation of evolution patterns about income among rural residents and the relevant factors contributing to the inequality is important for social planners to formulate certain policies to narrow the income gap. In this paper, based on county-level rural resident＇s per capita net income statistical data from 1998 to 2013,the spatial-temporal pattern and evolvement trend of rural resident＇s income disparity in Yulin City is deeply probed by mathematical statistical method and spatial statistical method. Results show that：（1）The absolute disparity has been continuously enlarged since 1998, the extreme value and standard deviation respectively from940/302.48 rise to 5970.9/2356; while relative disparity fluctuated from 1998 to 2013.（2）The spatial distribution of the counties＂ economy was that the high-income counties were in the northwestern area and the low-income counties were in the southeastern area. （3）The spatial pattern of rural resident＇s income showed a strong trend of spatial natural correlation, Moran＇s I from 0.377 1 rise to 0.590 2;the similar units clustered in space. （4）The spatial gather trend of L-L type increased in the southern regions, H-H type regions disappeared and random distributed.（5）Differences in the natural geographical environment, economic geographical location, social-economic structures and regional development policy are the main reasons for regional differences of net income growth of farmers in Yulin City.