发酵诺尼果种子中有效成分及其抗氧化性

Active Ingredients and Their Antioxidant Activities in the Fermented Seeds of Morinda citrifolia (Rubiaceae)

为了有效利用已发酵诺尼果(Noni)种子,探讨提取发酵诺尼种子中有效成分的方法,进一步研究发酵诺尼果种子有效成分的抗氧化性。笔者分别用水蒸气蒸馏和有机溶剂95%乙醇萃取,再对2种提取方法分别获得的发酵诺尼果提取物进行气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)分析;采用A320电子顺磁共振波谱仪对乙醇萃取获得的发酵诺尼果种子精油的抗氧化性进行分析。结果表明,发酵诺尼果种子提取物中的有效成分绝大多数为酯类物质,此外还含有酸类和醇类物质。95%乙醇萃取物经GC-MS分析,首次在发酵诺尼果种子提取物中发现了角鲨烯,其相对含量为12.95%。电子顺磁共振法可简便、快速检测发酵诺尼果种子精油的抗氧化性,乙醇萃取发酵诺尼果种子精油不同层DPPH清除能力表现不同,在提取物相同体积时,样品清除自由基的反应速度很快,其中乙醇萃取发酵诺尼果种子精油下层在2 min能够完全清除自由基,而精油上层在20min不能完全清除自由基。说明其精油下层的抗氧化活性高于上层。笔者认为,已发酵诺尼果种子含有开发价值的活性物质,且该活性物质具有抗氧化性。

In order to effectively utilize fermented noni seeds, the fermented seeds of noni （Morinda citrifolia） were extracted by steam distillation or 95% ethanol, and the extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The 95% ethanol extract was analyzed by using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance （EPR） Spectrometer A320 to determine its anti-oxidant activities. The results showed that the extracts of the fermented noni seeds contained mostly esters, as well as some acids and alcohols. The GC-MS analysis showed that the ethanol extract contained squalene with its relative content of 12.95%, which was first found in the fermented noni seeds. The EPR spectroscopy showed that the ethanol extract of the fermented Noni had a very high anti-oxidation activity, higher in the low than the upper layer of the extract. It is concluded that the fermented noni seeds contained some bioactive ingredients with anti-oxidant activity. These active ingredients merit development.