海南莎草科植物的分布特征

Distribution Characteristics of Cyperaceae in Hainan Island

笔者于2010~2016年对海南岛18个市县的莎草科植物资源进行野外调查,野外调查涉及低山丘陵热性草丛类草地、山地热性草丛类草地、热性灌草丛类草地、干热稀树灌草丛类草地、低湿地草甸类草地、滨海低湿地盐碱类草地及农田间隙十字草地。调查以样线法为主,按指定路线进行推进,调查记录路线范围内出现的该科物种;同时,根据部分属或种对生存环境的专一性开展点状调查。调查时详细记录物种的分布特征信息,并根据分布特征进行归类。结果发现该区域分布有莎草科植物24属164种6亚种和9变种,并根据各类草地的生态环境、群落外貌、结构、种的组成成分等基础信息对莎草科植物的分布特征开展了重点分析研究,发现海南岛莎草科植物的分布划分为5大生态类型:Ⅰ湿生沼生性类型;Ⅱ高郁闭度林下分布类型;Ⅲ向阳山坡灌丛、岩隙或山地灌草丛类型;Ⅳ滨海沙质草地、盐土沼泽和沙滩滩涂类型;Ⅴ旱生性广布类型。

A field survey was made to investigate Cyperaceae plant resources in 18 counties or cities of Hainan Island, China during the years from 2010 through 2016. This survey covered tropical tussock grassland in the low mountains and hills, mountainous tropical sussock grassland, tropical shrub-tussock grassland, hot-dry savanna shub-tussock grassland, low wetland meadow grassland, coastal low-lying saline-alkaline grassland, and farmland interval grassland. Sample-line method was used for the survey to record all the plants of this plant family along the designed line, and dotted survey was also made to observe the specificity of the subgenera or species of the plant family to their living environment. The distribution characteristics of the plants were entered into record in detail and the classified. The survey found there were 164 species. 6 subspecies and 9 varietas under 24 genera distributed in these areas under survey. The distribution characteristics of the Cyperaceae plants in different types of grasslands in Hainan were analyzed in terms of ecological environment, community structure and species composition. The analysis showed that the Cyperaceae plants are divided into five major ecological types based on their distribution： I. Humidogene and paludous type; II. High canopy density undergrowth type; Ill. Sunny slope shrub, rocky crevice or mountainous shrub grassland type; IV. Coastal sandy grassland, salt marsh and sandy seabeaches type; V. Xerophytic cosmopolitan type.