2011~2014年齐齐哈尔市企业职业接锰工人作业环境卫生及健康状况调查

Survey on working environment and health status among the occupational manganese exposure workers in the enterprises,Qiqihar city,2011-2014

目的了解齐齐哈尔市企业锰作业工人职业健康状况、职业现场卫生学以及工作场所空气中锰及其化合物的含量。方法收集2011~2014年齐齐哈尔市4家企业1 507名锰作业工人健康体检资料,结合工作场所空气锰及其化合物的监测结果进行统计学分析。结果 2011~2014年齐齐哈尔市企业职业环境卫生状况良好,接锰作业现场锰及其化合物浓度呈逐年下降趋势(P<0.01)。健康体检锰作业工人的血压、白细胞、红细胞和血红蛋白、血小板、肝功能、心电图、以及尿锰等指标异常率分别为14.39%、7.03%、2.05%和1.99%、3.45%、5.83%、15.33%以及3.78%。男性、女性的尿锰异常率分别为3.79%、3.67%(P>0.05);电焊工种工人的尿锰水平(4.90%)略高于其他工种(3.13%)(P>0.05);<20、21~、31~、41~和>51岁各年龄组接锰工人尿锰异常率分别为0、0.37%、4.13%、5.13%和14.61%(P<0.05);<10、11~、21~和31~40年各工龄组尿锰异常率分别为0.89%、1.79%、5.90%和10.56%(P<0.01)。尿锰异常组中接锰工人的白细胞、血压、心电图及肝功能异常率高于尿锰正常组的工人(P<0.01);其他指标在2组中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论齐齐哈尔市所调查企业劳动现场的职业卫生状况良好和职业现场空气中锰浓度达到国家标准;某些接锰工人职业健康体检中指标有一定程度的异常表现。

Objective To understand the health status of the occupational manganese （Mn） exposure workers,the sanitary status of their working environment,as well as the contents of Mn and its compounds in the air of their working place. Methods Health physical examination data of 1 507 Mn exposure workers from four enterprises in Qiqihar during 2011-2014 were collected. The data were statistically analyzed together with the monitoring data of the sanitary status of the Mn and its compounds in the air of the working place. Results The sanitary status of the working place was good, and the concentration of Mn and its compounds in the air of the working place showed downward trend during 2011-2014 （ P 〈0.01）. Among the Mn exposure workers, the abnormal rate of blood pressure,leukocyte count, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin level, platelet count, liver function, electrocardiogram, and urinary Mn concentration was 14.39%,7.03%, 2.05% ,1.99%, 3.45G, 5.83G, 15.33%, and 3.78% respectively. The abnormal rate of urinary Mn concentration in males and females was 3.79 % and 3.67 %, respectively （ P 〉0.05）. The level of urinary Mn concentration in work type of electric welding （4.90%） was higher than that of the others （3.13%）（ P 〉0.05）. The abnormal rate of the urinary Mn concentration in the worker groups of the age 〈20,21-, 31-, 41- and 〉51 was 0,0.37%, 4.13%, 5.13%, and 14.61% ,respectively （ P 〈0.01）. The abnormal rate of hypertension, leukocyte count,electrocardiogram,and liver func- tion in the workers with abnormal urinary Mn concentration was significantly higher than those in the workers with normal urinary Mn concentration （ P 〈0.01） ,and there was no obvious difference of abnormal rates of other parameters between the two groups （ P 〉0.05）. Conclusion The sanitary status of the working environment in the enterprises in Qiqihar is good,and the Mn levels in working place are normal according to the national standard. Some parameters are moderately abnormal in the health physical examination of the Mn exposure workers.