几类异质1BL/1RS小麦雄性不育系诱导孤雌生殖性的研究

Studies on inducing parthenogenesis of some male sterile lines of alloplasmic 1BL/1RS wheat

系统调查了 4种异质 (即偏凸、粘果、易变和二角山羊草细胞质 ) 1 BL/1 RS小麦雄性不育系与其一系列异质同核系、同质异核系、异质异核系杂交、回交世代诱导孤雌生殖性的遗传变异规律、染色体分裂行为和对外表现特点 ,结果表明 :1 .异源细胞质与小麦 1 BL/1 RS核型专一互作 ,有着消弱同源染色体配对 ,提高中期单价体细胞频率的作用 ;2 .特定细胞质背景下 ,专一核型内细胞单价体频率高低与诱导孤雌生殖性的频率直接相关 ;3.1 BL/1 RS易位染色体中易位片段所存在系列差异以及 1 BL/1 RS易位染色体外基因型背景不同 ,诱导孤雌生殖性的频率明显不同 ;4.提高或抑制不同杂交、回交世代间孤雌生殖频率 ,不育系母本或不同基因型父本有着同等重要的作用 ,选择最佳父母本组合杂交可明显提高或降低后代群体中的孤雌生殖性频率。

The performance,the chromosome pairing and the parthenogenesis of the cross and backcross generations of 4 male sterile types of alloplasmic 1BL/1RS wheat with Ae.ventricosa,Ae.kotschyi,Ae.variabilis and Ae.bicornis cytoplasms and their identical nucleus background lines with different cytoplasms,the different nuclei background lines with same cytoplasms and the heterokaryon lines with alloplasm were systematically investigated.The results were as follows:(1) The homologous chromosome pairing in PMC at MI was reduced and the frequency of cell with univalent in male sterile lines was raised under special interaction of 1BL/1RS nuclei and different alien cytoplasmic.(2) Under special cytoplasmic background,it was directly ralated for the frequency of cell with univalent in special karyotype,higher or lower,and the frequency of inducing parthenogenesis.(3) It was obviously different that there were seriesy difference in the translocation segment of 1BL/1RS chromosome and in the genotype background besides 1BL/1RS translocation chromosome for parthenogenesis.(4) There were identical important role for the sterile lines and the different male parents of genotype in the parthenogenesis of different intergenerations,raised or reduced,of the cross and backcross.The frequency of parthenogenesis in progeny populations could be obviously raised or reduced electing suitable combinations of female and male parents.